CJE MED SURG II EXAM NEWEST
2026: 300 Practice Questions with
Rationales – Your Complete Review
for Exam Success!
## QUESTION 1-50: ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
**1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be prescribed
for the client with diabetes mellitus to reduce vascular changes and
possibly prevent or delay development of:**
A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
B) Pancreatic cancer
C) Renal failure
D) Cerebrovascular accident
**Answer: C) Renal failure**
,**Rationale:** ACE inhibitors have a protective effect on the kidneys
by reducing intraglomerular pressure and decreasing proteinuria in
diabetic clients. They help slow the progression of diabetic
nephropathy, which can lead to renal failure. They do not prevent
COPD, pancreatic cancer, or directly prevent cerebrovascular accidents,
though they may help with blood pressure control .
---
**2. The nurse should teach the diabetic client that which of the
following is the most common symptom of hypoglycemia?**
A) Nervousness
B) Anorexia
C) Kussmaul's respirations
D) Bradycardia
**Answer: A) Nervousness**
**Rationale:** Nervousness and tremors are among the earliest and
most common symptoms of hypoglycemia due to the release of
counterregulatory hormones (epinephrine). Anorexia is not typical,
Kussmaul's respirations occur with DKA (hyperglycemia), and
tachycardia (not bradycardia) occurs with hypoglycemia .
,---
**3. The nurse is assessing the client's use of medications. Which of the
following medications may cause a complication with the treatment
plan of a client with diabetes?**
A) Aspirin
B) Steroids
C) Sulfonylureas
D) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
**Answer: B) Steroids**
**Rationale:** Steroids (corticosteroids) can cause significant
hyperglycemia by promoting gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance,
complicating diabetes management. Aspirin and ACE inhibitors are
generally safe or beneficial, while sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic
agents used to treat diabetes .
---
**4. A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has influenza. The nurse
should instruct the client to:**
, A) Increase the frequency of self-monitoring (blood glucose testing)
B) Reduce food intake to diminish nausea
C) Discontinue that dose of insulin if unable to eat
D) Take half of the normal dose of insulin
**Answer: A) Increase the frequency of self-monitoring (blood glucose
testing)**
**Rationale:** During illness, blood glucose levels can fluctuate
unpredictably, and the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) increases.
Sick-day rules include more frequent glucose monitoring. Insulin should
never be discontinued during illness; the client should continue taking
insulin and maintain carbohydrate intake if possible .
---
**5. Which of the following is a priority goal for the diabetic client who
is taking insulin and has vomiting and diarrhea?**
A) Preventing hypoglycemia
B) Preventing hyperglycemia
C) Maintaining fluid balance
D) Maintaining electrolyte balance
2026: 300 Practice Questions with
Rationales – Your Complete Review
for Exam Success!
## QUESTION 1-50: ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
**1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be prescribed
for the client with diabetes mellitus to reduce vascular changes and
possibly prevent or delay development of:**
A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
B) Pancreatic cancer
C) Renal failure
D) Cerebrovascular accident
**Answer: C) Renal failure**
,**Rationale:** ACE inhibitors have a protective effect on the kidneys
by reducing intraglomerular pressure and decreasing proteinuria in
diabetic clients. They help slow the progression of diabetic
nephropathy, which can lead to renal failure. They do not prevent
COPD, pancreatic cancer, or directly prevent cerebrovascular accidents,
though they may help with blood pressure control .
---
**2. The nurse should teach the diabetic client that which of the
following is the most common symptom of hypoglycemia?**
A) Nervousness
B) Anorexia
C) Kussmaul's respirations
D) Bradycardia
**Answer: A) Nervousness**
**Rationale:** Nervousness and tremors are among the earliest and
most common symptoms of hypoglycemia due to the release of
counterregulatory hormones (epinephrine). Anorexia is not typical,
Kussmaul's respirations occur with DKA (hyperglycemia), and
tachycardia (not bradycardia) occurs with hypoglycemia .
,---
**3. The nurse is assessing the client's use of medications. Which of the
following medications may cause a complication with the treatment
plan of a client with diabetes?**
A) Aspirin
B) Steroids
C) Sulfonylureas
D) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
**Answer: B) Steroids**
**Rationale:** Steroids (corticosteroids) can cause significant
hyperglycemia by promoting gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance,
complicating diabetes management. Aspirin and ACE inhibitors are
generally safe or beneficial, while sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic
agents used to treat diabetes .
---
**4. A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has influenza. The nurse
should instruct the client to:**
, A) Increase the frequency of self-monitoring (blood glucose testing)
B) Reduce food intake to diminish nausea
C) Discontinue that dose of insulin if unable to eat
D) Take half of the normal dose of insulin
**Answer: A) Increase the frequency of self-monitoring (blood glucose
testing)**
**Rationale:** During illness, blood glucose levels can fluctuate
unpredictably, and the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) increases.
Sick-day rules include more frequent glucose monitoring. Insulin should
never be discontinued during illness; the client should continue taking
insulin and maintain carbohydrate intake if possible .
---
**5. Which of the following is a priority goal for the diabetic client who
is taking insulin and has vomiting and diarrhea?**
A) Preventing hypoglycemia
B) Preventing hyperglycemia
C) Maintaining fluid balance
D) Maintaining electrolyte balance
