NURSING FUNDAMENTALS FINAL EXAM: ULTIMATE COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE QUESTION BANK – 230 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES, COVERING PATIENT CARE, SAFETY, INFECTION CONTROL, VITAL SIGNS, ADLS, LEGAL/ETHICAL ISSUES, AND END-OF-LIFE CARE

NURSING FUNDAMENTALS FINAL EXAM: ULTIMATE COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE QUESTION BANK – 230 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES, COVERING PATIENT CARE, SAFETY, INFECTION CONTROL, VITAL SIGNS, ADLS, LEGAL/ETHICAL ISSUES, AND END-OF-LIFE CARE 1. A resident who is usually alert and oriented suddenly becomes confused and agitated. What should be your FIRST action? A. Restrain the resident to prevent injury B. Report the change to the nurse immediately C. Leave the resident alone to calm down D. Give the resident a sedative Correct Answer: B Rationale: Sudden changes in mental status can indicate a serious medical condition such as infection, stroke, or medication reaction. The nurse must be notified immediately for assessment. Restraints should never be used without an order, and leaving the resident alone could be dangerous. ________________________________________ 2. When providing perineal care to a female resident, what is the correct cleaning technique? A. Clean from the anal area toward the urethra B. Clean from the urethra toward the anal area C. Clean in a circular motion around the perineum D. Clean back and forth over the entire area Correct Answer: B Rationale: Cleaning from the urethra toward the anal area prevents bacteria from the anal area from being introduced into the urethra, which could cause a urinary tract infection. This is a critical infection control practice. ________________________________________ 3. The nurse aide finds a resident on the floor. What should the aide do FIRST? A. Check for injuries and call for help B. Help the resident back into bed C. Run and get the charge nurse D. Document the incident Correct Answer: A Rationale: The priority is to assess the resident for injuries and get immediate assistance. Moving the resident without assessment could cause further injury. Documentation comes after the resident is safe. ________________________________________ 4. Which of the following is a sign of impending death? A. Increased appetite B. Increased energy and activity C. Decreased blood pressure and heart rate D. Clear, alert mental status Correct Answer: C Rationale: As death approaches, vital signs typically decrease. Blood pressure drops, heart rate slows, and respirations become irregular. The other options describe signs of improvement, not decline. ________________________________________ 5. What is the proper way to identify a resident before providing care? A. Ask the resident "Are you Mr. Smith?" B. Check the name on the bed C. Check the identification band and ask the resident to state their name D. Ask the roommate who they are Correct Answer: C Rationale: Two identifiers are required for patient safety. The identification band provides positive identification, and asking the resident to state their name confirms identity. Simply asking "Are you..." could lead to errors if the resident is confused. ________________________________________ 6. When assisting a resident who has left-sided weakness to dress, which sleeve should be put on FIRST? A. Right sleeve B. Left sleeve C. Both sleeves simultaneously D. The stronger arm sleeve Correct Answer: B Rationale: The weak side should be dressed first because it is easier to put clothing on the weak arm when the strong arm can help guide it into the sleeve. The strong side is dressed second for easier removal later. ________________________________________ 7. The most accurate temperature measurement is obtained through which route? A. Oral B. Axillary C. Temporal D. Rectal Correct Answer: D Rationale: Rectal temperatures are considered the most accurate because they reflect core body temperature and are not affected by external factors like eating, drinking, or breathing through the mouth. However, they are not always appropriate for every patient. ________________________________________ 8. When measuring blood pressure, the cuff should be placed: A. Over the patient's clothing B. Over a thick sweater for comfort C. On bare skin D. Above the elbow on the upper arm Correct Answer: C Rationale: The blood pressure cuff must be placed on bare skin to ensure accurate readings. Clothing can interfere with the cuff's ability to properly compress the artery and can cause falsely elevated or inaccurate readings.