NGR 6172 Pharm Final Exam-
Questions and Answers GRADED A
The primary care nurse practitioner (NP) writes a prescription for an antibiotic using an
electronic drug prescription system. The pharmacist will fill this prescription when:
A - The electronic prescription is received.
B - The patient brings a written copy of the prescription
C - A copy of the written prescription is faxed to the pharmacy
D - The pharmacist accesses the patient's electronic record to verify - answer-A - The
electronic prescription is received
Which of the following are common components found on a prescription for a Controlled
Substance? Select all that apply.
Full Name of Drug
Strength or Concentration
DEA Number
Directions for use - answer-All are correct
For each term, please provide the correct description. Please note you will only receive
credit if all terms are correctly matched with their respective description. - answer-
Absorption - The transportation of a medication from the administration site to the
bloodstream
Metabolism - The biotransformation of medications so that they can be excreted from
the body
f value - The fraction of the frug that reaches the systematic circulation
Distribution - The transport of a drug in body fluids from the bloodstream to various
tissues in the body
A primary care nurse practitioner (NP) prescribes a drug to an 80-year-old African-
American woman. When selecting a drug and determining the correct dose, the NP
should understand that the knowledge of how age, race, and gender may affect drug
excretion is based on an understanding of:
A - Bioavailability
B - Pharmacokinetics
C - Pharmacodynamics
D - Anatomy and physiology - answer-B - Pharmacokinetics
The primary care NP should understand that a drug is at a therapeutic level when it is:
A - At peak plasma level
B - Past 4 or 5 half-lives
C - At its steady plasma state
,D - Between minimal effective concentration and toxic levels - answer-D - Between
minimal effective concentration and toxic levels
A primary care NP wishes to order a drug that will be effective immediately after
administration of the drug. Which route should the NP choose?
A- Rectal
B - Topical
C - Sublingual
D - Intramuscular - answer-C - sublingual
When considering an inhaled corticosteroid to treat asthma in an adult, the patient asks
you, as the primary care provider, why the corticosteroid is given by inhalation instead
of oral administration. What is your best response?
A - Inhaled corticosteroids work slowly, and the action is more sustained
B - Inhaled corticosteroids have a few systemic side effects
C - Inhaled corticosteroids can use the local blood vessels to deliver the medication
dose
D - Inhaled corticosteroid doses are more easily regulated - answer-B - Inhaled
corticosteroids have a few systemic side effects
A primary care NP is prescribing a drug for a patient who does not take any other
medications. The NP should realize that:
A - CYP450 enzyme reactions will not interfere with this drug's metabolism
B - Substrates such as alcohol cannot interfere with the drug when the patient is
abstaining
C - Food-drug interactions are limited to those where food enhances or inhibits drug
absorption
D - A thorough history of diet, alcohol use, smoking, and OTC and herbal products is
required - answer-D - A thorough history of diet, alcohol use, smoking, and OTC and
herbal products is required
Pharmacogenomics is the science of DNA analysis for the purpose of identifying gene
variations that impact medication response.
True
False - answer-True
When considering the application of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which
of the following practical suggestions can be made for rational drug therapy? Select all
that apply.
A - Use as few medications as possible
B - Use the highest effective dose
C - Start low and go slow
D - Use a medication only when clearly indicated for a specific purpose - answer-A -
Use as few medications as possible
C - Start low and go slow
D - Use a medication only when clearly indicated for a specific purpose
,A pharmacokinetic study of a new antihypertensive drug is being conducted in healthy
human volunteers. The half-life of the drug after administration by continuous
intravenous infusion is 12 hours. Which of the following best approximates the time for
the drug to reach steady state?
A - 60 hours
B - 24 hours
C - 36 hours
D - 120 hours - answer-A - 60 hours
You are explaining the meaning of pharmacokinetics to an advanced practice student.
Which of the following statements is correct?
A - Pharmacokinetics is the biochemical and physiologic action medications on the body
B - Pharmacokinetics refers to the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and elimination of medication
C - Pharmacokinetics is the peak and trough levels when medication reaches a steady
state
D - Pharmacokinetics refers to the transportation of a medication from the
administration site to the bloodstream - answer-B - Pharmacokinetics refers to the
processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of medication
When prescribing oral medications, the primary care provider understands that these
medications are subject to first-pass effect. What are the consequences of first-pass
effect of oral medications?
A -Oral medications are excreted more slowly.
B - Oral medications become less bioavailable.
C - Oral medications have increased absorption.
D - Oral medications enter the circulation more quickly. - answer-B - Oral medications
become less bioavailable
Clopidogrel is a produg that requires functional CYP2C19 enzyme activity to be
activated and exert its pharmacological effect.
True
False - answer-True
An adult patient is taking a prescribed oral medication that causes gastric reflux. The
patient asks you why you have cautioned against taking antacids with this medication.
What is your best response?
A - Taking an antacid may block elimination of this medication.
B - Taking an antacid may alter the distribution of this medication.
C - Taking an antacid may lead to increased drug toxicity.
D - Taking an antacid may interfere with the absorption of medication. - answer-D -
Taking an antacid may interfere with the absorption of medication
Which of the following statements is correct regarding warfarin pharmacogenetics?
, A - Reduced CYP2C9 enzyme activity is associated with increased warfarin sensitivity
and may result in requiring lower doses.
B - Reduced CYP2C9 enzyme activity is associated with decreased warfarin sensitivity
and may result in requiring higher doses
C - It is appropriate to use a pharmacogenetic guided warfarin dosing for an African
American who had CYP2C9 testing by a lab that only detected *2 and *3 alleles.
D - The CYP2C9 *5, *6, *8, and *11 alleles are highly frequent among all ethnic groups -
answer-A - Reduced CYP2C9 enzyme activity is associated with increased warfarin
sensitivity and may result in requiring lower doses
A primary care patient asks you to explain the role of pharmacogenomics in prescribing
medications. What explanation concerning pharmacogenomics is not correct?
A - Pharmacogenomics refers to the treatment of genetic alterations using gene
therapy.
B - Pharmacogenomics identifies gene variations that impact medication response.
C - Pharmacogenomics considers that responses to medications result from individual
and genetic differences.
D - Pharmacogenomics refers to genetic polymorphisms found in specific patient
populations. - answer-A - Pharmacogenomics refers to the treatment of genetic
alterations using gene therapy
You are preparing to administer an IV medication to a patient in your care. In
considering that the pharmacokinetic properties of medication are affected by the route
of administration, which of the following is true about the IV route?
A - For IV medications, absorption occurs over time followed by distribution and
elimination.
B - For IV medications, only distribution and elimination occur.
C - For IV medications, first-pass metabolism occurs followed by absorption.
D - For IV medications, variable bioavailability affects elimination. - answer-B - For IV
medications, only distribution and elimination occur
As the primary care provider, you are preparing to prescribe a medication that you know
has nonlinear kinetics. What action should you plan to take in the care of this patient?
A - Monitor the patient's creatinine clearance at baseline and periodically.
B - Administer a higher loading dose followed by the maintenance dose.
C - Frequently monitor the patient for desired and adverse effects.
D - Administer the medication sublingually to avoid the first-pass effect. - answer-C -
Frequently monitor the patient for desired and adverse effects
A patient for whom you have prescribed medications has taken a direct-to-consumer
genetic test that indicates one of the prescribed medications may not be effective based
on the test results received. What is your best response to this patient's concern?
A - "You can stop taking this medication, and we can substitute another drug for this
one."
B - "Many genetic tests make claims about the effects of specific medications that are
not supported by scientific evidence."
Questions and Answers GRADED A
The primary care nurse practitioner (NP) writes a prescription for an antibiotic using an
electronic drug prescription system. The pharmacist will fill this prescription when:
A - The electronic prescription is received.
B - The patient brings a written copy of the prescription
C - A copy of the written prescription is faxed to the pharmacy
D - The pharmacist accesses the patient's electronic record to verify - answer-A - The
electronic prescription is received
Which of the following are common components found on a prescription for a Controlled
Substance? Select all that apply.
Full Name of Drug
Strength or Concentration
DEA Number
Directions for use - answer-All are correct
For each term, please provide the correct description. Please note you will only receive
credit if all terms are correctly matched with their respective description. - answer-
Absorption - The transportation of a medication from the administration site to the
bloodstream
Metabolism - The biotransformation of medications so that they can be excreted from
the body
f value - The fraction of the frug that reaches the systematic circulation
Distribution - The transport of a drug in body fluids from the bloodstream to various
tissues in the body
A primary care nurse practitioner (NP) prescribes a drug to an 80-year-old African-
American woman. When selecting a drug and determining the correct dose, the NP
should understand that the knowledge of how age, race, and gender may affect drug
excretion is based on an understanding of:
A - Bioavailability
B - Pharmacokinetics
C - Pharmacodynamics
D - Anatomy and physiology - answer-B - Pharmacokinetics
The primary care NP should understand that a drug is at a therapeutic level when it is:
A - At peak plasma level
B - Past 4 or 5 half-lives
C - At its steady plasma state
,D - Between minimal effective concentration and toxic levels - answer-D - Between
minimal effective concentration and toxic levels
A primary care NP wishes to order a drug that will be effective immediately after
administration of the drug. Which route should the NP choose?
A- Rectal
B - Topical
C - Sublingual
D - Intramuscular - answer-C - sublingual
When considering an inhaled corticosteroid to treat asthma in an adult, the patient asks
you, as the primary care provider, why the corticosteroid is given by inhalation instead
of oral administration. What is your best response?
A - Inhaled corticosteroids work slowly, and the action is more sustained
B - Inhaled corticosteroids have a few systemic side effects
C - Inhaled corticosteroids can use the local blood vessels to deliver the medication
dose
D - Inhaled corticosteroid doses are more easily regulated - answer-B - Inhaled
corticosteroids have a few systemic side effects
A primary care NP is prescribing a drug for a patient who does not take any other
medications. The NP should realize that:
A - CYP450 enzyme reactions will not interfere with this drug's metabolism
B - Substrates such as alcohol cannot interfere with the drug when the patient is
abstaining
C - Food-drug interactions are limited to those where food enhances or inhibits drug
absorption
D - A thorough history of diet, alcohol use, smoking, and OTC and herbal products is
required - answer-D - A thorough history of diet, alcohol use, smoking, and OTC and
herbal products is required
Pharmacogenomics is the science of DNA analysis for the purpose of identifying gene
variations that impact medication response.
True
False - answer-True
When considering the application of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which
of the following practical suggestions can be made for rational drug therapy? Select all
that apply.
A - Use as few medications as possible
B - Use the highest effective dose
C - Start low and go slow
D - Use a medication only when clearly indicated for a specific purpose - answer-A -
Use as few medications as possible
C - Start low and go slow
D - Use a medication only when clearly indicated for a specific purpose
,A pharmacokinetic study of a new antihypertensive drug is being conducted in healthy
human volunteers. The half-life of the drug after administration by continuous
intravenous infusion is 12 hours. Which of the following best approximates the time for
the drug to reach steady state?
A - 60 hours
B - 24 hours
C - 36 hours
D - 120 hours - answer-A - 60 hours
You are explaining the meaning of pharmacokinetics to an advanced practice student.
Which of the following statements is correct?
A - Pharmacokinetics is the biochemical and physiologic action medications on the body
B - Pharmacokinetics refers to the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and elimination of medication
C - Pharmacokinetics is the peak and trough levels when medication reaches a steady
state
D - Pharmacokinetics refers to the transportation of a medication from the
administration site to the bloodstream - answer-B - Pharmacokinetics refers to the
processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of medication
When prescribing oral medications, the primary care provider understands that these
medications are subject to first-pass effect. What are the consequences of first-pass
effect of oral medications?
A -Oral medications are excreted more slowly.
B - Oral medications become less bioavailable.
C - Oral medications have increased absorption.
D - Oral medications enter the circulation more quickly. - answer-B - Oral medications
become less bioavailable
Clopidogrel is a produg that requires functional CYP2C19 enzyme activity to be
activated and exert its pharmacological effect.
True
False - answer-True
An adult patient is taking a prescribed oral medication that causes gastric reflux. The
patient asks you why you have cautioned against taking antacids with this medication.
What is your best response?
A - Taking an antacid may block elimination of this medication.
B - Taking an antacid may alter the distribution of this medication.
C - Taking an antacid may lead to increased drug toxicity.
D - Taking an antacid may interfere with the absorption of medication. - answer-D -
Taking an antacid may interfere with the absorption of medication
Which of the following statements is correct regarding warfarin pharmacogenetics?
, A - Reduced CYP2C9 enzyme activity is associated with increased warfarin sensitivity
and may result in requiring lower doses.
B - Reduced CYP2C9 enzyme activity is associated with decreased warfarin sensitivity
and may result in requiring higher doses
C - It is appropriate to use a pharmacogenetic guided warfarin dosing for an African
American who had CYP2C9 testing by a lab that only detected *2 and *3 alleles.
D - The CYP2C9 *5, *6, *8, and *11 alleles are highly frequent among all ethnic groups -
answer-A - Reduced CYP2C9 enzyme activity is associated with increased warfarin
sensitivity and may result in requiring lower doses
A primary care patient asks you to explain the role of pharmacogenomics in prescribing
medications. What explanation concerning pharmacogenomics is not correct?
A - Pharmacogenomics refers to the treatment of genetic alterations using gene
therapy.
B - Pharmacogenomics identifies gene variations that impact medication response.
C - Pharmacogenomics considers that responses to medications result from individual
and genetic differences.
D - Pharmacogenomics refers to genetic polymorphisms found in specific patient
populations. - answer-A - Pharmacogenomics refers to the treatment of genetic
alterations using gene therapy
You are preparing to administer an IV medication to a patient in your care. In
considering that the pharmacokinetic properties of medication are affected by the route
of administration, which of the following is true about the IV route?
A - For IV medications, absorption occurs over time followed by distribution and
elimination.
B - For IV medications, only distribution and elimination occur.
C - For IV medications, first-pass metabolism occurs followed by absorption.
D - For IV medications, variable bioavailability affects elimination. - answer-B - For IV
medications, only distribution and elimination occur
As the primary care provider, you are preparing to prescribe a medication that you know
has nonlinear kinetics. What action should you plan to take in the care of this patient?
A - Monitor the patient's creatinine clearance at baseline and periodically.
B - Administer a higher loading dose followed by the maintenance dose.
C - Frequently monitor the patient for desired and adverse effects.
D - Administer the medication sublingually to avoid the first-pass effect. - answer-C -
Frequently monitor the patient for desired and adverse effects
A patient for whom you have prescribed medications has taken a direct-to-consumer
genetic test that indicates one of the prescribed medications may not be effective based
on the test results received. What is your best response to this patient's concern?
A - "You can stop taking this medication, and we can substitute another drug for this
one."
B - "Many genetic tests make claims about the effects of specific medications that are
not supported by scientific evidence."
