ATI CMS PHARMACOLOGY RETAKE EXAM
2 LATEST VERSION 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
⩥ Medications Affecting Urinary Output: High-Ceiling Loop Diuretics.
Answer: Furosemide: pulmonary edema, edema
- C: Pregnancy, anuria, diabetes
- AE: Dehydration, hyponatremia, hypotension, hypokalemia
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, weigh clients at the same time each day.
⩥ Medications Affecting Urinary Output: Thiazide Diuretics. Answer:
Hydrochlorothiazide: Hypertension, edema,
- C: Pregnancy/lactation, renal issues
- AE: Dehydration, hyponatremia, hypotension, hypokalemia
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, frequently combined with ACE
inhibitors, weigh clients at the same time each day
⩥ Medications Affecting Urinary Output: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics.
Answer: Spironolactone: Hypertension, edema, PCOS
- C: Pregnancy, hyperkalemia, renal failure, anuria
- AE: Dehydration, hyperkalemia, drowsiness, gynecomastia, menstrual
irregularities
, - NC: Monitor for orthostasis, NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE, weigh clients
at the same time each day
⩥ Medications Affecting Blood Pressure: ACE Inhibitors. Answer:
Captopril, Lisinopril: Hypertension, heart failure, MI, nephropathy
- C: Pregnancy/lactation, allergy, angioedema, renal issues
- AE: Hypotension, cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, rash,
neutropenia
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, avoid activites that require allertness,
Captopril - take 1 hour before meals.
⩥ Medications Affecting Blood Pressure: Angiogestin II Receptor
Blockers (ARBs). Answer: Losartan: Hypertension, heart failure, MI,
nephropathy
- C: Pregnancy, renal stenosis, angioedema
- AE: Hypotension, angioedema, hyperkalemia, dizziness
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, can be taken with or without food
⩥ Medications Affecting Blood Pressure: Direct Renin Inhibitor.
Answer: Aliskiren: Hypertension
- C: Pregnancy, hyperkalemia, asthma, history of angioedema
- AE: Hypotension, angioedema, hyperkalemia, diarrhea
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, take at the same time each day, avoid
high fat foods at the time of administration
, ⩥ Medications Affecting Blood Pressure: Calcium Channel Blockers.
Answer: Nifedipine: Hypertension, Angina
- C: Pregnancy/lactation, cardiogenic shock, acute MI, unstable angina,
aortic stenosis
- AE: Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, don't crush/chew ER tablets
Verapamil, Diltiazem: Hypertension, Angina, Cardiac dysrhythmias
- C: Pregnancy/lactation, hypotension, heart block, heart failure
- AE: Orthostatic hypotension, dysrhythmias, peripheral edema,
toxicity, bradycardia
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, don't crush/chew ER tablets
⩥ Medications Affecting Blood Pressure: Alpha Adrenergic Blockers.
Answer: Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin: Hypertension, BPH
- C: Pregnancy/lactation, hypotension, renal insufficiecy
- AE: Ortho. hypo, dysrhythmias, peripheral edema, toxicity,
bradycardia
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, additive hypotensive effects with other
antihypertensives
⩥ Medications Affecting Blood Pressure: Centrally Acting Alpha-2
Agonists. Answer: Clonidine: Hypertension, ADHD, Severe cancer pain
2 LATEST VERSION 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
⩥ Medications Affecting Urinary Output: High-Ceiling Loop Diuretics.
Answer: Furosemide: pulmonary edema, edema
- C: Pregnancy, anuria, diabetes
- AE: Dehydration, hyponatremia, hypotension, hypokalemia
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, weigh clients at the same time each day.
⩥ Medications Affecting Urinary Output: Thiazide Diuretics. Answer:
Hydrochlorothiazide: Hypertension, edema,
- C: Pregnancy/lactation, renal issues
- AE: Dehydration, hyponatremia, hypotension, hypokalemia
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, frequently combined with ACE
inhibitors, weigh clients at the same time each day
⩥ Medications Affecting Urinary Output: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics.
Answer: Spironolactone: Hypertension, edema, PCOS
- C: Pregnancy, hyperkalemia, renal failure, anuria
- AE: Dehydration, hyperkalemia, drowsiness, gynecomastia, menstrual
irregularities
, - NC: Monitor for orthostasis, NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE, weigh clients
at the same time each day
⩥ Medications Affecting Blood Pressure: ACE Inhibitors. Answer:
Captopril, Lisinopril: Hypertension, heart failure, MI, nephropathy
- C: Pregnancy/lactation, allergy, angioedema, renal issues
- AE: Hypotension, cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, rash,
neutropenia
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, avoid activites that require allertness,
Captopril - take 1 hour before meals.
⩥ Medications Affecting Blood Pressure: Angiogestin II Receptor
Blockers (ARBs). Answer: Losartan: Hypertension, heart failure, MI,
nephropathy
- C: Pregnancy, renal stenosis, angioedema
- AE: Hypotension, angioedema, hyperkalemia, dizziness
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, can be taken with or without food
⩥ Medications Affecting Blood Pressure: Direct Renin Inhibitor.
Answer: Aliskiren: Hypertension
- C: Pregnancy, hyperkalemia, asthma, history of angioedema
- AE: Hypotension, angioedema, hyperkalemia, diarrhea
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, take at the same time each day, avoid
high fat foods at the time of administration
, ⩥ Medications Affecting Blood Pressure: Calcium Channel Blockers.
Answer: Nifedipine: Hypertension, Angina
- C: Pregnancy/lactation, cardiogenic shock, acute MI, unstable angina,
aortic stenosis
- AE: Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, don't crush/chew ER tablets
Verapamil, Diltiazem: Hypertension, Angina, Cardiac dysrhythmias
- C: Pregnancy/lactation, hypotension, heart block, heart failure
- AE: Orthostatic hypotension, dysrhythmias, peripheral edema,
toxicity, bradycardia
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, don't crush/chew ER tablets
⩥ Medications Affecting Blood Pressure: Alpha Adrenergic Blockers.
Answer: Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin: Hypertension, BPH
- C: Pregnancy/lactation, hypotension, renal insufficiecy
- AE: Ortho. hypo, dysrhythmias, peripheral edema, toxicity,
bradycardia
- NC: Monitor for orthostasis, additive hypotensive effects with other
antihypertensives
⩥ Medications Affecting Blood Pressure: Centrally Acting Alpha-2
Agonists. Answer: Clonidine: Hypertension, ADHD, Severe cancer pain
