1. lightD F microscope:D F visibleDFlightDFisDFpassedDFthroughDFaDFspecimenDFandDFthenDFthroughDFglassDFlenses
2. Magnification:D F theDFratioDFofDFanDFobject'sDFimageDFtoDFitsDFrealDFsize
3. Resolution:D F theDFmeasureDFofDFtheDFclarityDFofDFtheDFimage,DForDFtheDFminimumDFdistanceDFofDFtwoDFdistinguishableDFpoi
nts
4. Contrast:D F visibleDFditterencesDFinDFbrightnessDFbetweenDFpartsDFofDFtheDFsample,DFlowDFcontrastDFisDFlessDFbcDFmoreDFdarkne
ss
5. Organelles:DF theDFmembrane-enclosedDFstructuresDFinDFeukaryoticDFcells
6. ElectronDFmicroscopesDF(EM):DF twoDFbasicDFtypesDFofDFEMDFareDFusedDFtoDFstudyDFsubcellularDFstructures
7. ScanningDFelectronDFmicroscopeDF(SEM):DFfocusDFaDFbeamDFofDFelectronsDFontoDFtheDFsurfaceDFofDFaDFspe
cimen,DFprovidingDFimagesDFthatDFlookDF3-D
8. TransmissionD F electronD F microscopeD F (TEM):D F focusDFaDFbeamDFofDFelectronsDFthroughDFaDFspecime
n
9. CellDFfractionation:DFtakesDFcellsDFapartDFandDFseparatesDFtheDFmajorDForganellesDFfromDFoneDFanotherDFtoDFstud
yDFthemDFonDFtheirDFown
10. BasicDFfeaturesDFofDFallDFcells:DF-DFPlasmaDFmembrane
- semifluidDFsubstanceDFcalledDFcytosol
- chromosomesDF(carryDFgenes)
- ribosomesDF(makeDFproteins)
11. Cytosol:DFsemifluidDFsubstance
12. ProkaryoticDFcells:DF-DFnoDFnucleus
- nucleoid
- noDFmembrane-boundDForganelles
- cytoplasm
13. Nucleoid:DFDNADFinDFanDFunboundDFregion
14. Cytoplasm:D F boundDFbyDFtheDFplasmaDFmembrane
15. ProkaryoticDFcell:
16. EukaryoticDFcells:DFDNADFinDFaDFnucleusDFboundedDFbyDFaDFdoubleDFmembr
aneDFmembrane-boundDForganelles
cytoplasm
17. PlasmaDFmembrane:DFaDFselectiveDFbarrierDFthatDFallowsDFsuflcientDFpassageDFofDFoxygen,DFnutrients,DFandDFwa
DF
DF
, BioDF1201DFExamDF1
steDFtoDFserviceDFtheDFvolumeDFofDFeveryDFcell;DFletsDFcertainDFthingsDFinDFandDFout
18. PlasmaDFmembrane:
DF
DF