2026 update| comprehensive
questions and verified
answers (complete solutions)
ASSURED SUCCESS|GRADE
A+!! (100% ACCURATE) GET
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Florence Nightingale - answer--first nurse with a scientific background; math, sociology,
statistics, quantitative research, public health
-attended the institute of Keizer in Germany in 1836
Catherine Lawrence - answer--provided anesthesia to surgeons during the civil war
-first to use chloroform as an anesthetic for soldiers during the civil war
William TG Morton - answer--used ETHER, first demonstration of anesthesia in 1846
-invented inhaler to administer ether
Alice Magaw - answer--nurse to use open drop method of giving anesthesia
-Mayo clinic in Rochester, Minnesota deemed her 'mother of anesthesia'
-first to be published in medical journal
August BIer - answer--developed spinal anesthesia in 1890s
Dr. George Crile - answer--designated nurse Agatha Hodgins to do his anesthesia
-first successful use of nitrous oxide and oxygen
-Lakeside school of anesthesia established, 1916 first graduating class
Agatha Hodgins - answer--formed NANA (national association for nurse anesthetists)
-renamed to AANA, American Associated of Nurse Anesthetist
-Agatha Hodgins was Dr. Crile's nurse and had her administer anesthesia for him
AANA Headquarters - answer--in constant contact with legislators and policy makers
-only professional organization providing needs for 44,00 CRNAs/SRNAs
, AANA Benefits and Membership - answer--advocacy/lobbying (federal and state levels)
-marketing/ public relations
-insurance services (liability coverage)
-AANA foundation
-continuing education services
-health and wellness services (stress, physical health, substance abuse, peer
assistance)
-scholarships
-resources for business, billing
-networking
-practice support (professional practice manual, evidence-based documents, sample
forms, outcome measurement support)
IFNA - answer--International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists, founded in Switzerland
-34 organization of international federation
-governed by council of national representatives
-Austria, Cambodia, Denmark, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain,
Sweden, and USa
CRNA - answer--over 39,000 practicing CRNAs in the US
-150 years nursing administering anesthesia
-CRNAs are the sole providers for 100% of rural hospitals
-practice in every setting: hospitals, surgery, OB, offices, dentists, podiatrist,
optomologist, plastics, pain management, public health, va
CRNAs - answer--billed separate, revenue generator
-2010 studies showed no patient outcome difference between CRNA MD
-business owner
-provide services in most cost-efficient way possible
Anesthesia - answer--analgesia (insensible to pain)
-amnesia (unconsciousness)
-anxiolysis (immobility)
-cardiovascular and respiratory stability
Types of Anesthesia - answer-local, regional, general
Local Anesthesia - answer--topical
-local infiltrate
Regional Anesthesia - answer--peripheral nerve or plexus block
-central (spinal, epidural, caudal)
-IV regional blocks/bier blocks
General - answer--inhalation
-balanced (IV, inhalation)