LABOR & BIRTH – NURS 471 TEST 1 | MATERNITY & WOMEN'S HEALTH
STUDY GUIDE | SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA UNIVERSITY SPRING
2026/2027
______ a woman who is pregnant
________ a woman who has not completed a pregnancy 20 weeks or greater
_________ a woman who is pregnant for the first time at 20 weeks or greater
________ A woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies at 20 weeks or greater - ANS ✔✔Gravida
Nulligravida
Primigravida
Multigravida
Parity the number of pregnancies in which the fetus has reached ____ weeks or greater
NOT affected by the number of _______ in each pregnancy
NOT affected by whether the _______ is born alive
It's only the number of times the uterus has emptied
If you had a stillbirth at 35 weeks your parity would still be? - ANS ✔✔20
fetuses
fetus
1
the number of times the uterus has emptied at 20 weeks or greater; completion of pregnancy - ANS
✔✔Para
Age of viability in LA? - ANS ✔✔23 weeks
A women who had 4 pregnancies but none past 20 weeks is ________ - ANS ✔✔Nulligravida
Full term
Early term
Delivery before ___ weeks is avoided
Preterm
Late preterm
Post term - ANS ✔✔pregnancy that is 37-42 weeks
37 weeks to 38 6/7
39
pregnancy that is 20 - 36 6/7
,34 weeks and 36 6/7
pregnancy 42 weeks or greater
20-23 weeks is not compatible with life but the baby could still be resuscitated - ANS ✔✔
2 Digit System
G/P
G1P0 ?
G4P2 ? - ANS ✔✔G - gravida (# of pregnancies counting this one)
P - para
Currently pregnant and uterus has never filled up and emptied
On 4th pregnancy, uterus emptied 2, 1 missing and that is a miscarriage
5 Digit System
GTPAL
3 types of abortion?
G4T3P0A0L3
G3T1P1A0L3 - ANS ✔✔G - gravida
T - term deliveries
P - PRETERM deliveries
A - abortions (spontaneous or elective)
Spontaneous (miscarriage)
Elective (abortion)
Less than 20 weeks
L - living children right at this moment including car accidents
Claire is pregnant for the fifth time. She had one vaginal deliver at 36 weeks. One c- section at 32 weeks
and two miscarriages. Her children are currently alive.
Two digit?
Five digit? - ANS ✔✔Two digit: G5P2
Five digit: G5T0P2A2L2
Robin is pregnant for the fifth time. Other than an abortion at 9 weeks when she was 15 years old, her
first delivery was a set of triplets at 34 weeks. One of the triplets passed away 3 hours after delivery, but
the other two survived with no complications. She then delivered a baby boy at 37 weeks, who is now 5
years old, followed by a miscarriage the next year.
Two digit?
,Five digit? - ANS ✔✔Two digit: G5P2
Five digit: G5T1P1A2L3
Don't forget that triplets that are all in one pregnancy
The 5P's
Factors affecting Labor - ANS ✔✔Passenger
Passageway
Powers
Position
Psychological Response
Passenger
Fetal Head
Sutures intersect @ fontanelles
Two fontanelles?
Shape of each? - ANS ✔✔Posterior - TRIANGLE
Anterior - DIAMOND
- ANS ✔✔Change shape and mold in the pelvis
V vs W when checking a pt in the pelvis - ANS ✔✔V for "victory", passenger is facing the right way (face
down) - you can feel the triangular posterior fontanelle
W - you can feel the 3 sutures (face is up)
Fetal Presentation
Cephalic/ vertex ________
Frank breech ________
Footling breech ________
Shoulder ________ - ANS ✔✔the part of the fetus that enters the pelvis first
head
buttocks
feet
shoulder
Fetal Lie
Longitudinal-
Transverse- - ANS ✔✔the relationship of the long axis (spine) of the fetus to the long axis (spine) of the
mother
fetal spine is parallel to maternal spine
, fetal spine is at a right angle compared to the maternal spine
What two positions are found for longitudinal fetal lie? - ANS ✔✔Cephalic
Breech
Fetal Attitude - ANS ✔✔relationship of the fetal parts to one another
Flexed vs. Extended
Fetal Position
3 initial abbreviation - ANS ✔✔the relationship of the presenting part to the pelvis (occiput, sacrum,
mentum, sinciput)
Passageway - ANS ✔✔Composed of bony pelvis and soft tissues
Passageway
Bony Pelvis - ANS ✔✔Plays the greatest role in L&D
False pelvis vs. True pelvis
Pelvic inlet vs. Pelvic outlet
General pelvic cavity shapes:
gynecoid
Android
Anthropoid
Platypelloid - ANS ✔✔classic female shape; most common
resembles male pelvis
oval shaped
flat
False pelvis is the - ANS ✔✔area above the true pelvis
Passageway
Soft Tissues - ANS ✔✔Include pelvic floor, lower uterine segment, cervix, and vagina
Cervix has an internal and external os (openings)
dilating - ANS ✔✔(opening)
effacement - ANS ✔✔(thinning)
Powers
STUDY GUIDE | SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA UNIVERSITY SPRING
2026/2027
______ a woman who is pregnant
________ a woman who has not completed a pregnancy 20 weeks or greater
_________ a woman who is pregnant for the first time at 20 weeks or greater
________ A woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies at 20 weeks or greater - ANS ✔✔Gravida
Nulligravida
Primigravida
Multigravida
Parity the number of pregnancies in which the fetus has reached ____ weeks or greater
NOT affected by the number of _______ in each pregnancy
NOT affected by whether the _______ is born alive
It's only the number of times the uterus has emptied
If you had a stillbirth at 35 weeks your parity would still be? - ANS ✔✔20
fetuses
fetus
1
the number of times the uterus has emptied at 20 weeks or greater; completion of pregnancy - ANS
✔✔Para
Age of viability in LA? - ANS ✔✔23 weeks
A women who had 4 pregnancies but none past 20 weeks is ________ - ANS ✔✔Nulligravida
Full term
Early term
Delivery before ___ weeks is avoided
Preterm
Late preterm
Post term - ANS ✔✔pregnancy that is 37-42 weeks
37 weeks to 38 6/7
39
pregnancy that is 20 - 36 6/7
,34 weeks and 36 6/7
pregnancy 42 weeks or greater
20-23 weeks is not compatible with life but the baby could still be resuscitated - ANS ✔✔
2 Digit System
G/P
G1P0 ?
G4P2 ? - ANS ✔✔G - gravida (# of pregnancies counting this one)
P - para
Currently pregnant and uterus has never filled up and emptied
On 4th pregnancy, uterus emptied 2, 1 missing and that is a miscarriage
5 Digit System
GTPAL
3 types of abortion?
G4T3P0A0L3
G3T1P1A0L3 - ANS ✔✔G - gravida
T - term deliveries
P - PRETERM deliveries
A - abortions (spontaneous or elective)
Spontaneous (miscarriage)
Elective (abortion)
Less than 20 weeks
L - living children right at this moment including car accidents
Claire is pregnant for the fifth time. She had one vaginal deliver at 36 weeks. One c- section at 32 weeks
and two miscarriages. Her children are currently alive.
Two digit?
Five digit? - ANS ✔✔Two digit: G5P2
Five digit: G5T0P2A2L2
Robin is pregnant for the fifth time. Other than an abortion at 9 weeks when she was 15 years old, her
first delivery was a set of triplets at 34 weeks. One of the triplets passed away 3 hours after delivery, but
the other two survived with no complications. She then delivered a baby boy at 37 weeks, who is now 5
years old, followed by a miscarriage the next year.
Two digit?
,Five digit? - ANS ✔✔Two digit: G5P2
Five digit: G5T1P1A2L3
Don't forget that triplets that are all in one pregnancy
The 5P's
Factors affecting Labor - ANS ✔✔Passenger
Passageway
Powers
Position
Psychological Response
Passenger
Fetal Head
Sutures intersect @ fontanelles
Two fontanelles?
Shape of each? - ANS ✔✔Posterior - TRIANGLE
Anterior - DIAMOND
- ANS ✔✔Change shape and mold in the pelvis
V vs W when checking a pt in the pelvis - ANS ✔✔V for "victory", passenger is facing the right way (face
down) - you can feel the triangular posterior fontanelle
W - you can feel the 3 sutures (face is up)
Fetal Presentation
Cephalic/ vertex ________
Frank breech ________
Footling breech ________
Shoulder ________ - ANS ✔✔the part of the fetus that enters the pelvis first
head
buttocks
feet
shoulder
Fetal Lie
Longitudinal-
Transverse- - ANS ✔✔the relationship of the long axis (spine) of the fetus to the long axis (spine) of the
mother
fetal spine is parallel to maternal spine
, fetal spine is at a right angle compared to the maternal spine
What two positions are found for longitudinal fetal lie? - ANS ✔✔Cephalic
Breech
Fetal Attitude - ANS ✔✔relationship of the fetal parts to one another
Flexed vs. Extended
Fetal Position
3 initial abbreviation - ANS ✔✔the relationship of the presenting part to the pelvis (occiput, sacrum,
mentum, sinciput)
Passageway - ANS ✔✔Composed of bony pelvis and soft tissues
Passageway
Bony Pelvis - ANS ✔✔Plays the greatest role in L&D
False pelvis vs. True pelvis
Pelvic inlet vs. Pelvic outlet
General pelvic cavity shapes:
gynecoid
Android
Anthropoid
Platypelloid - ANS ✔✔classic female shape; most common
resembles male pelvis
oval shaped
flat
False pelvis is the - ANS ✔✔area above the true pelvis
Passageway
Soft Tissues - ANS ✔✔Include pelvic floor, lower uterine segment, cervix, and vagina
Cervix has an internal and external os (openings)
dilating - ANS ✔✔(opening)
effacement - ANS ✔✔(thinning)
Powers
