PNR 204/PNR204 Exam 1 V2 | Pediatric Nursing
Q&A with Rationale | Fortis College
1. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which task is primary for an
infant from birth to 1 year of age?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: During the first year of life, infants learn to trust that their basic needs will be
met by their caregivers. If these needs are inconsistently met, the infant may develop a
sense of mistrust toward the world. This foundational stage is critical for the development
of all subsequent psychosocial stages.
2. A nurse is preparing to assess a 10-month-old infant. Which assessment should the nurse
perform last to minimize distress?
A. Auscultation of the heart and lungs
B. Inspection of the skin
C. Examination of the ears and throat
D. Palpation of the abdomen
,Correct Answer: C
Explanation: In pediatric physical assessments, invasive or traumatic procedures should
always be performed last to maintain the child’s cooperation. Examining the ears and
throat is often frightening or uncomfortable for an infant and can trigger crying. By saving
these for the end, the nurse ensures that heart and lung sounds can be heard clearly while
the infant is still calm.
3. Which developmental milestone is typically achieved by a 4-month-old infant?
A. Sitting unsupported
B. Crawling on hands and knees
C. Rolling from back to side
D. Using a pincer grasp
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: By 4 months of age, infants have gained enough trunk control to roll from
their back to their side. Sitting unsupported usually occurs around 6 to 8 months, while
crawling follows later around 9 months. Fine motor skills like the pincer grasp do not
typically develop until the infant is closer to 9 or 10 months old.
4. A mother asks when she should introduce solid foods to her infant. Based on standard
pediatric guidelines, the nurse should recommend:
A. 2 to 3 months
B. 8 to 10 months
, C. 4 to 6 months
D. 12 months
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Solid foods are generally introduced between 4 and 6 months when the
infant shows signs of readiness, such as the disappearance of the extrusion reflex. Iron-
fortified rice cereal is typically the first food introduced due to its low allergy potential.
Introducing solids too early can increase the risk of food allergies and obesity later in life.
5. A toddler is hospitalized and begins to wet the bed after being toilet trained for several
months. What is the nurse’s best response?
A. Tell the child that big kids do not wet the bed.
B. Restrict fluids after 6 PM to prevent accidents.
C. Explain to the parents that regression is normal during illness and hospitalization.
D. Advise the parents to start toilet training over from the beginning.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Regression is a common defense mechanism used by children to cope with
the stress of illness or a new environment. The nurse should reassure the parents that this
behavior is temporary and that the child will likely return to their previous level of
functioning once they are home. Shaming the child or restarting training is inappropriate
and counterproductive.
Q&A with Rationale | Fortis College
1. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which task is primary for an
infant from birth to 1 year of age?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: During the first year of life, infants learn to trust that their basic needs will be
met by their caregivers. If these needs are inconsistently met, the infant may develop a
sense of mistrust toward the world. This foundational stage is critical for the development
of all subsequent psychosocial stages.
2. A nurse is preparing to assess a 10-month-old infant. Which assessment should the nurse
perform last to minimize distress?
A. Auscultation of the heart and lungs
B. Inspection of the skin
C. Examination of the ears and throat
D. Palpation of the abdomen
,Correct Answer: C
Explanation: In pediatric physical assessments, invasive or traumatic procedures should
always be performed last to maintain the child’s cooperation. Examining the ears and
throat is often frightening or uncomfortable for an infant and can trigger crying. By saving
these for the end, the nurse ensures that heart and lung sounds can be heard clearly while
the infant is still calm.
3. Which developmental milestone is typically achieved by a 4-month-old infant?
A. Sitting unsupported
B. Crawling on hands and knees
C. Rolling from back to side
D. Using a pincer grasp
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: By 4 months of age, infants have gained enough trunk control to roll from
their back to their side. Sitting unsupported usually occurs around 6 to 8 months, while
crawling follows later around 9 months. Fine motor skills like the pincer grasp do not
typically develop until the infant is closer to 9 or 10 months old.
4. A mother asks when she should introduce solid foods to her infant. Based on standard
pediatric guidelines, the nurse should recommend:
A. 2 to 3 months
B. 8 to 10 months
, C. 4 to 6 months
D. 12 months
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Solid foods are generally introduced between 4 and 6 months when the
infant shows signs of readiness, such as the disappearance of the extrusion reflex. Iron-
fortified rice cereal is typically the first food introduced due to its low allergy potential.
Introducing solids too early can increase the risk of food allergies and obesity later in life.
5. A toddler is hospitalized and begins to wet the bed after being toilet trained for several
months. What is the nurse’s best response?
A. Tell the child that big kids do not wet the bed.
B. Restrict fluids after 6 PM to prevent accidents.
C. Explain to the parents that regression is normal during illness and hospitalization.
D. Advise the parents to start toilet training over from the beginning.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Regression is a common defense mechanism used by children to cope with
the stress of illness or a new environment. The nurse should reassure the parents that this
behavior is temporary and that the child will likely return to their previous level of
functioning once they are home. Shaming the child or restarting training is inappropriate
and counterproductive.
