WGU C207 Data-Driven Decision Making |
Actual study Questions and Answers | 2026
Updated | 100% correct
1. For companies to attract and retain their best customers, they need a complete portrait of
who they are. To develop this portrait, companies turn to:
A. Statistics
B. Analytics
C. Management Science
D. Histograms
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Analytics is the process of using data, statistical analysis, and computational
techniques to gain insights and make informed decisions. For customer profiling, companies use
analytics to aggregate and interpret data from various touchpoints, creating a comprehensive
customer portrait that goes beyond simple statistics or histograms.
2. A manufacturer wants to maximize their factory output while specifically minimizing labor
costs. What type of analytics might they employ to achieve this goal?
A. Descriptive Analytics
B. Predictive Analytics
C. Prescriptive Analytics
D. Diagnostic Analytics
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: Prescriptive analytics goes beyond describing or predicting outcomes to
recommend specific actions that will optimize results. It uses optimization and simulation
algorithms to suggest the best course of action given constraints, which is exactly what a
manufacturer needs to balance maximizing output against minimizing labor costs .
3. What type of data error that occurs in measurement is constant within a data set and is
sometimes caused by faulty equipment or bias?
,A. Random
B. Omission
C. Outlier
D. Systematic
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: Systematic error is a consistent, repeatable error associated with faulty
equipment, calibration issues, or bias in measurement. Unlike random errors, systematic errors
affect all measurements in a predictable direction and are constant within a data set .
4. An educator develops a new standardized test to measure math skills of ninth graders. She
has students in her home state of Ohio take the test. If the test is to be used on a national
level, what type of error might be found in her data?
A. Omission Error
B. Systematic Error
C. Measurement Bias
D. Information Bias
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: Measurement bias occurs when the data collection method consistently
overestimates or underestimates the true value. Using only Ohio students to develop a test
intended for national use introduces geographic measurement bias, as the sample does not
represent the full national population, potentially making the test invalid for students in other
regions .
5. A city government is trying to determine the national origins of its recent immigrant
population. If a survey of the immigrant population is conducted in English, what type of error
might be present in the data?
A. Random
B. Omission
C. Outlier
D. Accuracy
Correct Answer: B
,Expert Rationale: Omission error occurs when certain data points are systematically excluded
from the data set. Conducting a survey solely in English among an immigrant population will
likely exclude those who do not speak English proficiently. This leads to missing data for a
significant portion of the population, causing a non-representative sample .
6. The use of Big Data is increasingly important to businesses in competitive markets. Which
of the following characteristics is not true of big data?
A. Requires the use of analytics
B. Contains structured data
C. Contains unstructured data
D. Can be analyzed with traditional spreadsheets
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: Big Data is characterized by its volume, velocity, and variety, making it
impossible to analyze using traditional spreadsheets like Excel. Big Data often contains both
structured and unstructured data and requires advanced analytical tools and techniques to
process effectively .
7. The Davenport-Kim three-stage model consists of framing the problem, solving the
problem, and communicating results. Which two of the following are part of framing the
problem stage?
A. Determine the scope of the problem
B. Data collection
C. Review of previous findings
D. Presenting a recommendation
Correct Answer: A, C
Expert Rationale: The framing the problem stage involves defining and understanding the
problem context. This includes determining the scope of the problem to establish boundaries
and reviewing previous findings to build on existing knowledge . Data collection occurs during
the solving stage, while presenting a recommendation is part of communicating results.
8. A healthcare provider is researching blood glucose levels before and after exercising. What
two elements should be part of any experimental study such as this?
, A. Treatment procedures
B. Patient observation
C. Statistical validity
D. Experimental response
Correct Answer: A, D
Expert Rationale: Any experimental study must include treatment procedures (the intervention
applied to the subjects, such as the exercise regimen) and an experimental response (the
outcome being measured, such as the change in blood glucose levels) . These elements are
fundamental to establishing causality.
9. Runners cover 26.2 miles in the Olympics marathon. What level of measurement is this?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: The distance of 26.2 miles is measured on a ratio scale because it has a
meaningful zero point and the intervals between measurements are meaningful. A zero distance
would represent the complete absence of distance, making ratios like "twice as far" valid .
10. What level of measurement is the type of cars produced in a Ford factory?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: The type or model of cars (e.g., sedan, SUV, truck) represents categories
without any inherent order or ranking. This is the defining characteristic of nominal data, where
numbers or labels are used only as names for different categories .
11. What level of measurement is "the 10 best cities in the U.S. to retire in"?
Actual study Questions and Answers | 2026
Updated | 100% correct
1. For companies to attract and retain their best customers, they need a complete portrait of
who they are. To develop this portrait, companies turn to:
A. Statistics
B. Analytics
C. Management Science
D. Histograms
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Analytics is the process of using data, statistical analysis, and computational
techniques to gain insights and make informed decisions. For customer profiling, companies use
analytics to aggregate and interpret data from various touchpoints, creating a comprehensive
customer portrait that goes beyond simple statistics or histograms.
2. A manufacturer wants to maximize their factory output while specifically minimizing labor
costs. What type of analytics might they employ to achieve this goal?
A. Descriptive Analytics
B. Predictive Analytics
C. Prescriptive Analytics
D. Diagnostic Analytics
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: Prescriptive analytics goes beyond describing or predicting outcomes to
recommend specific actions that will optimize results. It uses optimization and simulation
algorithms to suggest the best course of action given constraints, which is exactly what a
manufacturer needs to balance maximizing output against minimizing labor costs .
3. What type of data error that occurs in measurement is constant within a data set and is
sometimes caused by faulty equipment or bias?
,A. Random
B. Omission
C. Outlier
D. Systematic
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: Systematic error is a consistent, repeatable error associated with faulty
equipment, calibration issues, or bias in measurement. Unlike random errors, systematic errors
affect all measurements in a predictable direction and are constant within a data set .
4. An educator develops a new standardized test to measure math skills of ninth graders. She
has students in her home state of Ohio take the test. If the test is to be used on a national
level, what type of error might be found in her data?
A. Omission Error
B. Systematic Error
C. Measurement Bias
D. Information Bias
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: Measurement bias occurs when the data collection method consistently
overestimates or underestimates the true value. Using only Ohio students to develop a test
intended for national use introduces geographic measurement bias, as the sample does not
represent the full national population, potentially making the test invalid for students in other
regions .
5. A city government is trying to determine the national origins of its recent immigrant
population. If a survey of the immigrant population is conducted in English, what type of error
might be present in the data?
A. Random
B. Omission
C. Outlier
D. Accuracy
Correct Answer: B
,Expert Rationale: Omission error occurs when certain data points are systematically excluded
from the data set. Conducting a survey solely in English among an immigrant population will
likely exclude those who do not speak English proficiently. This leads to missing data for a
significant portion of the population, causing a non-representative sample .
6. The use of Big Data is increasingly important to businesses in competitive markets. Which
of the following characteristics is not true of big data?
A. Requires the use of analytics
B. Contains structured data
C. Contains unstructured data
D. Can be analyzed with traditional spreadsheets
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: Big Data is characterized by its volume, velocity, and variety, making it
impossible to analyze using traditional spreadsheets like Excel. Big Data often contains both
structured and unstructured data and requires advanced analytical tools and techniques to
process effectively .
7. The Davenport-Kim three-stage model consists of framing the problem, solving the
problem, and communicating results. Which two of the following are part of framing the
problem stage?
A. Determine the scope of the problem
B. Data collection
C. Review of previous findings
D. Presenting a recommendation
Correct Answer: A, C
Expert Rationale: The framing the problem stage involves defining and understanding the
problem context. This includes determining the scope of the problem to establish boundaries
and reviewing previous findings to build on existing knowledge . Data collection occurs during
the solving stage, while presenting a recommendation is part of communicating results.
8. A healthcare provider is researching blood glucose levels before and after exercising. What
two elements should be part of any experimental study such as this?
, A. Treatment procedures
B. Patient observation
C. Statistical validity
D. Experimental response
Correct Answer: A, D
Expert Rationale: Any experimental study must include treatment procedures (the intervention
applied to the subjects, such as the exercise regimen) and an experimental response (the
outcome being measured, such as the change in blood glucose levels) . These elements are
fundamental to establishing causality.
9. Runners cover 26.2 miles in the Olympics marathon. What level of measurement is this?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: The distance of 26.2 miles is measured on a ratio scale because it has a
meaningful zero point and the intervals between measurements are meaningful. A zero distance
would represent the complete absence of distance, making ratios like "twice as far" valid .
10. What level of measurement is the type of cars produced in a Ford factory?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: The type or model of cars (e.g., sedan, SUV, truck) represents categories
without any inherent order or ranking. This is the defining characteristic of nominal data, where
numbers or labels are used only as names for different categories .
11. What level of measurement is "the 10 best cities in the U.S. to retire in"?
