STRAIGHTERLINE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 STUDY GUIDE | COMPLETE
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
An organ system is - ANS ✔✔a group of organs with a common set of functions
An organelle is - ANS ✔✔a small structure within a cell
A cell is - ANS ✔✔the basic structural unit of living organisms
What technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels? - ANS ✔✔digital
subtraction angiography
The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called - ANS
✔✔PET
A tissue is a - ANS ✔✔group of cells with similar structure and function
What branch of physiology would study the effects of sunbathing on the skin? - ANS ✔✔organ
physiology
Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following
disciplines? - ANS ✔✔histology
There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this microbiota clearly
influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?. - ANS ✔✔For every cell in your body,
there are ten microbial cells
The study of the body's organization by areas is - ANS ✔✔regional anatomy
Medial means - ANS ✔✔toward the middle or midline of the body
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "E" represent? - ANS
✔✔retroperitoneal organs
Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the
body? - ANS ✔✔cardiovascular
The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger). - ANS ✔✔lateral
In reference to the body tempaerature in living organisms, the set point can be defined as the - ANS
✔✔ideal normal value
The sural region is the - ANS ✔✔calf
The visceral pleura is - ANS ✔✔the serous membrane that covers the lungs
,The cervical region is the - ANS ✔✔neck
Imagine the following scenario:
Blood pressure decreases below normal levels.→ Blood flow to the heart decreases → Heart is unable to
pump as much blood.→ Blood pressure decreases even more.
This is an example of _____ feedback. - ANS ✔✔positive
The popliteal region is the - ANS ✔✔hollow behind the knee
Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called - ANS ✔✔electrolytes, because they
can conduct an electrical current
An atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. This atom will have - ANS ✔✔20
neutrons
A neutral atom contains - ANS ✔✔the same number of electrons and protons
Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are - ANS ✔✔electrons
Which of the following is not a use of X-ray imaging? - ANS ✔✔brain tumor progression
In an x-ray film of the skeletal system, the dense tissue areas appear ______ because they ______ the x-
rays; and the less dense tissues appear ______ because they ______ the x-rays. - ANS ✔✔light, absorb;
dark, do not absorb
Sodium chloride is considered a(n) - ANS ✔✔compound
Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions? - ANS ✔✔All of these factors
will influence the rate of chemical reactions
The four most abundant elements in the human body are - ANS ✔✔carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen
The three forms of matter are: - ANS ✔✔solids, liquids, and gases
Eicosanoids - ANS ✔✔play a role in the response of tissues to injuries
The sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "A" represent? - ANS ✔✔salt crystal
Which of the following statements is false? - ANS ✔✔Water evaporation heats the body
All of the following terms relate to lipids. Which does not belong with the other four? - ANS
✔✔triglyceride
Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide? - ANS ✔✔adenine--a nitrogen base
, A solution that contains one osmole of solute in one kilogram (kg) of water is called a - ANS ✔✔1
osmolal solution
Which of the following is the correct complementary strand to CATGTC? - ANS ✔✔GTACAG
Which of the following organic groups does DNA belong to? - ANS ✔✔nucleic acid
Which of the following molecules is NOT made from cholesterol? - ANS ✔✔prostaglandins
The pH value - ANS ✔✔is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions
In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use - ANS ✔✔a
transmission electron microscope (TEM)
What structure does "A" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - ANS ✔✔phospholipid
bilayer
What structure does "D" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - ANS ✔✔integral protein
Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane? - ANS ✔✔recognition of
bacterial cells by the immune system
What structure does "B" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - ANS ✔✔membrane
channel protein
What structure does "E" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - ANS ✔✔internal
membrane surface
If 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a 0.5% saline solution - ANS ✔✔is hypotonic to the
cell
What type of membrane proteins have an exposed site on the outer cell surface that can attach to a
ligand? - ANS ✔✔receptor proteins
A cell's ability to replenish ATP is reduced by a metabolic poison. Which organelle is being affected? -
ANS ✔✔mitochondrion
Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic.
What is solution "B" relative to the RBC? - ANS ✔✔hypertonic solution
Large molecules move across cell membrane with the help or assistance of protein carriers. This type of
transport is generically called _______. - ANS ✔✔mediated transport
What is membrane potential? - ANS ✔✔The electrical charge difference across the membrane caused by
ion movement.
Which mature cells do not have a nucleus? - ANS ✔✔red blood cells
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
An organ system is - ANS ✔✔a group of organs with a common set of functions
An organelle is - ANS ✔✔a small structure within a cell
A cell is - ANS ✔✔the basic structural unit of living organisms
What technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels? - ANS ✔✔digital
subtraction angiography
The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called - ANS
✔✔PET
A tissue is a - ANS ✔✔group of cells with similar structure and function
What branch of physiology would study the effects of sunbathing on the skin? - ANS ✔✔organ
physiology
Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following
disciplines? - ANS ✔✔histology
There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this microbiota clearly
influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?. - ANS ✔✔For every cell in your body,
there are ten microbial cells
The study of the body's organization by areas is - ANS ✔✔regional anatomy
Medial means - ANS ✔✔toward the middle or midline of the body
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "E" represent? - ANS
✔✔retroperitoneal organs
Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the
body? - ANS ✔✔cardiovascular
The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger). - ANS ✔✔lateral
In reference to the body tempaerature in living organisms, the set point can be defined as the - ANS
✔✔ideal normal value
The sural region is the - ANS ✔✔calf
The visceral pleura is - ANS ✔✔the serous membrane that covers the lungs
,The cervical region is the - ANS ✔✔neck
Imagine the following scenario:
Blood pressure decreases below normal levels.→ Blood flow to the heart decreases → Heart is unable to
pump as much blood.→ Blood pressure decreases even more.
This is an example of _____ feedback. - ANS ✔✔positive
The popliteal region is the - ANS ✔✔hollow behind the knee
Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called - ANS ✔✔electrolytes, because they
can conduct an electrical current
An atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. This atom will have - ANS ✔✔20
neutrons
A neutral atom contains - ANS ✔✔the same number of electrons and protons
Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are - ANS ✔✔electrons
Which of the following is not a use of X-ray imaging? - ANS ✔✔brain tumor progression
In an x-ray film of the skeletal system, the dense tissue areas appear ______ because they ______ the x-
rays; and the less dense tissues appear ______ because they ______ the x-rays. - ANS ✔✔light, absorb;
dark, do not absorb
Sodium chloride is considered a(n) - ANS ✔✔compound
Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions? - ANS ✔✔All of these factors
will influence the rate of chemical reactions
The four most abundant elements in the human body are - ANS ✔✔carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen
The three forms of matter are: - ANS ✔✔solids, liquids, and gases
Eicosanoids - ANS ✔✔play a role in the response of tissues to injuries
The sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "A" represent? - ANS ✔✔salt crystal
Which of the following statements is false? - ANS ✔✔Water evaporation heats the body
All of the following terms relate to lipids. Which does not belong with the other four? - ANS
✔✔triglyceride
Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide? - ANS ✔✔adenine--a nitrogen base
, A solution that contains one osmole of solute in one kilogram (kg) of water is called a - ANS ✔✔1
osmolal solution
Which of the following is the correct complementary strand to CATGTC? - ANS ✔✔GTACAG
Which of the following organic groups does DNA belong to? - ANS ✔✔nucleic acid
Which of the following molecules is NOT made from cholesterol? - ANS ✔✔prostaglandins
The pH value - ANS ✔✔is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions
In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use - ANS ✔✔a
transmission electron microscope (TEM)
What structure does "A" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - ANS ✔✔phospholipid
bilayer
What structure does "D" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - ANS ✔✔integral protein
Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane? - ANS ✔✔recognition of
bacterial cells by the immune system
What structure does "B" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - ANS ✔✔membrane
channel protein
What structure does "E" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - ANS ✔✔internal
membrane surface
If 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a 0.5% saline solution - ANS ✔✔is hypotonic to the
cell
What type of membrane proteins have an exposed site on the outer cell surface that can attach to a
ligand? - ANS ✔✔receptor proteins
A cell's ability to replenish ATP is reduced by a metabolic poison. Which organelle is being affected? -
ANS ✔✔mitochondrion
Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic.
What is solution "B" relative to the RBC? - ANS ✔✔hypertonic solution
Large molecules move across cell membrane with the help or assistance of protein carriers. This type of
transport is generically called _______. - ANS ✔✔mediated transport
What is membrane potential? - ANS ✔✔The electrical charge difference across the membrane caused by
ion movement.
Which mature cells do not have a nucleus? - ANS ✔✔red blood cells
