KU BIOL 240 Exam 1 (2026) | Fundamentals of Human
Anatomy | Practice Questions & Verified Answers
1. What are the two main body cavities that contain visceral organs?
Thoracic and abdominal cavities
Cranial and spinal cavities
Pleural and pericardial cavities
Pelvic and dorsal cavities
2. What are the three main body planes in human anatomy?
Coronal, sagittal, and axial
Frontal, transverse, and oblique
Sagittal, frontal (coronal), and transverse
Sagittal, lateral, and medial
3. The sebaceous glands of the skin are
endocrine glands
holocrine glands
merocrine glands
mucous glands
4. Describe the role of melanin in the integumentary system.
Melanin helps in the regeneration of skin cells.
Melanin is responsible for skin pigmentation and helps protect
the skin from harmful UV radiation.
Melanin is involved in the production of sweat.
,5. What is the primary function of arrector pili muscles in the human body?
To cause hair to stand upright.
To support skin elasticity.
To produce sweat.
To aid in blood circulation.
6. Passive transport refers to the movement of a substance:
Direction against an energy gradient
Known as uphill movement
Requiring energy expenditure
In a direction of the energy gradient
7. If a person experiences extreme cold, what physiological response
involving arrector pili muscles is likely to occur?
The arrector pili muscles will contract, causing the hair to stand
up.
The arrector pili muscles will relax, leading to hair loss.
The arrector pili muscles will increase sweat production.
The arrector pili muscles will expand, causing hair to fall flat.
8. If a person has a deficiency in keratin production, what effect might this
have on their hair?
Their hair may change color.
Their hair may become thicker.
Their hair may grow faster.
, Their hair may become weak and brittle.
9. Membrane bound organelles are found in
viruses
all cells
eukaryotic
prokaryotic cells
10. If an individual is unable to sweat due to a medical condition affecting
their sweat glands, what physiological process would be most directly
impacted?
Hormonal balance.
Cellular respiration.
Nutrient absorption.
Thermoregulation.
11. What is the primary function of cytoplasm in a cell?
It regulates cell division.
It synthesizes proteins.
It stores genetic information.
It provides a medium for chemical reactions and supports cell
structures.
12. Endocytosis is a process by which cells
bring bulk material into the cell via vesicles.
remove bulk material from the cell via vesicles.
bring bulk material into the cell via pores.
, remove bulk material from the cell via pores.
13. The serous membrane of the heart is called the:
Peritoneum
Pericardium
Lesser omentum
Pleura
Greater omentum
14. The definition of cilia is:
Structures in the airways that trap and hold foreign material.
Cells composed of macrophages that destroy inhaled
pathogens.
Mucus-secreting cells in the lower bronchial tree
Tiny hair-like structures in the airways that sweep mucus up
and out of the lungs.
15. Describe the significance of body cavities in human anatomy.
Body cavities are primarily for storing fat.
Body cavities only serve as pathways for blood circulation.
Body cavities protect and house vital organs, allowing for
organized structure and function.
Body cavities are empty spaces with no function.
16. A multicellular gland has the following features:a branching duct
system, "flask-shaped" secretory units,and a sectetory product that is
released in membrane-bound granules. This gland is properly
characterized as:
Anatomy | Practice Questions & Verified Answers
1. What are the two main body cavities that contain visceral organs?
Thoracic and abdominal cavities
Cranial and spinal cavities
Pleural and pericardial cavities
Pelvic and dorsal cavities
2. What are the three main body planes in human anatomy?
Coronal, sagittal, and axial
Frontal, transverse, and oblique
Sagittal, frontal (coronal), and transverse
Sagittal, lateral, and medial
3. The sebaceous glands of the skin are
endocrine glands
holocrine glands
merocrine glands
mucous glands
4. Describe the role of melanin in the integumentary system.
Melanin helps in the regeneration of skin cells.
Melanin is responsible for skin pigmentation and helps protect
the skin from harmful UV radiation.
Melanin is involved in the production of sweat.
,5. What is the primary function of arrector pili muscles in the human body?
To cause hair to stand upright.
To support skin elasticity.
To produce sweat.
To aid in blood circulation.
6. Passive transport refers to the movement of a substance:
Direction against an energy gradient
Known as uphill movement
Requiring energy expenditure
In a direction of the energy gradient
7. If a person experiences extreme cold, what physiological response
involving arrector pili muscles is likely to occur?
The arrector pili muscles will contract, causing the hair to stand
up.
The arrector pili muscles will relax, leading to hair loss.
The arrector pili muscles will increase sweat production.
The arrector pili muscles will expand, causing hair to fall flat.
8. If a person has a deficiency in keratin production, what effect might this
have on their hair?
Their hair may change color.
Their hair may become thicker.
Their hair may grow faster.
, Their hair may become weak and brittle.
9. Membrane bound organelles are found in
viruses
all cells
eukaryotic
prokaryotic cells
10. If an individual is unable to sweat due to a medical condition affecting
their sweat glands, what physiological process would be most directly
impacted?
Hormonal balance.
Cellular respiration.
Nutrient absorption.
Thermoregulation.
11. What is the primary function of cytoplasm in a cell?
It regulates cell division.
It synthesizes proteins.
It stores genetic information.
It provides a medium for chemical reactions and supports cell
structures.
12. Endocytosis is a process by which cells
bring bulk material into the cell via vesicles.
remove bulk material from the cell via vesicles.
bring bulk material into the cell via pores.
, remove bulk material from the cell via pores.
13. The serous membrane of the heart is called the:
Peritoneum
Pericardium
Lesser omentum
Pleura
Greater omentum
14. The definition of cilia is:
Structures in the airways that trap and hold foreign material.
Cells composed of macrophages that destroy inhaled
pathogens.
Mucus-secreting cells in the lower bronchial tree
Tiny hair-like structures in the airways that sweep mucus up
and out of the lungs.
15. Describe the significance of body cavities in human anatomy.
Body cavities are primarily for storing fat.
Body cavities only serve as pathways for blood circulation.
Body cavities protect and house vital organs, allowing for
organized structure and function.
Body cavities are empty spaces with no function.
16. A multicellular gland has the following features:a branching duct
system, "flask-shaped" secretory units,and a sectetory product that is
released in membrane-bound granules. This gland is properly
characterized as:
