CMN 552 – MODULE 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES GRADED A+
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
1.
A 65-year-old patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Lab
results show hemoglobin of 8 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 70 fL.
Which type of anemia is most likely?
A) Iron-deficiency anemia
B) Vitamin B12 deficiency
C) Folic acid deficiency
D) Hemolytic anemia
Answer: A) Iron-deficiency anemia
Rationale: Low MCV indicates microcytic anemia, commonly caused by iron
deficiency. B12 and folate deficiencies cause macrocytic anemia, while hemolytic
anemia is usually normocytic.
2.
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of beta-blockers in
the treatment of hypertension?
A) Block alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
B) Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme
C) Decrease heart rate and cardiac output
D) Promote sodium and water excretion
Answer: C) Decrease heart rate and cardiac output
Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce sympathetic stimulation to the heart, lowering
heart rate and contractility, which decreases cardiac output and blood pressure.
,3.
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus has a fasting blood glucose of 180 mg/dL.
Which lifestyle modification is most effective in improving glycemic control?
A) Aerobic exercise 30 minutes, 5 days/week
B) Taking multivitamins daily
C) Restricting all carbohydrates
D) Using herbal supplements
Answer: A) Aerobic exercise 30 minutes, 5 days/week
Rationale: Regular aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity and glucose
uptake. Extreme carbohydrate restriction is not recommended, and supplements
alone are insufficient.
4.
Which laboratory marker is most specific for myocardial injury?
A) CK-MB
B) Troponin I
C) LDH
D) Myoglobin
Answer: B) Troponin I
Rationale: Troponin I is highly specific for cardiac muscle injury and is the gold
standard biomarker for myocardial infarction.
5.
A 28-year-old female presents with sudden onset of right-sided weakness and
slurred speech. CT scan rules out hemorrhage. Which is the first-line treatment?
A) Aspirin
B) Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
,C) Warfarin
D) Heparin
Answer: B) Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
Rationale: In acute ischemic stroke without hemorrhage, tPA is indicated within
the therapeutic window to restore blood flow and minimize brain injury.
6.
Which of the following is a priority intervention for a patient experiencing an acute
asthma exacerbation?
A) Administer inhaled corticosteroids
B) Administer short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
C) Initiate long-term leukotriene inhibitor therapy
D) Schedule follow-up in 2 weeks
Answer: B) Administer short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
Rationale: SABAs provide rapid bronchodilation, which is critical in acute
exacerbations. Corticosteroids are important for long-term management, not
immediate relief.
7.
A patient with chronic kidney disease has hyperkalemia (K+ 6.2 mEq/L). Which
medication should be administered immediately?
A) Furosemide
B) Calcium gluconate
C) Spironolactone
D) Lisinopril
Answer: B) Calcium gluconate
Rationale: Calcium gluconate stabilizes cardiac membranes and prevents
arrhythmias in severe hyperkalemia. Furosemide may lower potassium gradually,
but immediate membrane stabilization is critical.
, 8.
Which of the following is the most common cause of community-acquired
pneumonia in adults?
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Haemophilus influenzae
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D) Staphylococcus aureus
Answer: A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rationale: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent bacterial cause of
community-acquired pneumonia in adults.
9.
A patient presents with jaundice, elevated AST, ALT, and positive HBsAg. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Hepatitis A infection
B) Hepatitis B infection
C) Alcoholic hepatitis
D) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Answer: B) Hepatitis B infection
Rationale: HBsAg positivity indicates active hepatitis B virus infection; elevated
liver enzymes confirm hepatocellular injury.
10.
Which of the following is a hallmark sign of left-sided heart failure?
A) Peripheral edema
B) Jugular venous distension
C) Pulmonary congestion
D) Hepatomegaly
QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES GRADED A+
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
1.
A 65-year-old patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Lab
results show hemoglobin of 8 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 70 fL.
Which type of anemia is most likely?
A) Iron-deficiency anemia
B) Vitamin B12 deficiency
C) Folic acid deficiency
D) Hemolytic anemia
Answer: A) Iron-deficiency anemia
Rationale: Low MCV indicates microcytic anemia, commonly caused by iron
deficiency. B12 and folate deficiencies cause macrocytic anemia, while hemolytic
anemia is usually normocytic.
2.
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of beta-blockers in
the treatment of hypertension?
A) Block alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
B) Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme
C) Decrease heart rate and cardiac output
D) Promote sodium and water excretion
Answer: C) Decrease heart rate and cardiac output
Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce sympathetic stimulation to the heart, lowering
heart rate and contractility, which decreases cardiac output and blood pressure.
,3.
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus has a fasting blood glucose of 180 mg/dL.
Which lifestyle modification is most effective in improving glycemic control?
A) Aerobic exercise 30 minutes, 5 days/week
B) Taking multivitamins daily
C) Restricting all carbohydrates
D) Using herbal supplements
Answer: A) Aerobic exercise 30 minutes, 5 days/week
Rationale: Regular aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity and glucose
uptake. Extreme carbohydrate restriction is not recommended, and supplements
alone are insufficient.
4.
Which laboratory marker is most specific for myocardial injury?
A) CK-MB
B) Troponin I
C) LDH
D) Myoglobin
Answer: B) Troponin I
Rationale: Troponin I is highly specific for cardiac muscle injury and is the gold
standard biomarker for myocardial infarction.
5.
A 28-year-old female presents with sudden onset of right-sided weakness and
slurred speech. CT scan rules out hemorrhage. Which is the first-line treatment?
A) Aspirin
B) Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
,C) Warfarin
D) Heparin
Answer: B) Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
Rationale: In acute ischemic stroke without hemorrhage, tPA is indicated within
the therapeutic window to restore blood flow and minimize brain injury.
6.
Which of the following is a priority intervention for a patient experiencing an acute
asthma exacerbation?
A) Administer inhaled corticosteroids
B) Administer short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
C) Initiate long-term leukotriene inhibitor therapy
D) Schedule follow-up in 2 weeks
Answer: B) Administer short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
Rationale: SABAs provide rapid bronchodilation, which is critical in acute
exacerbations. Corticosteroids are important for long-term management, not
immediate relief.
7.
A patient with chronic kidney disease has hyperkalemia (K+ 6.2 mEq/L). Which
medication should be administered immediately?
A) Furosemide
B) Calcium gluconate
C) Spironolactone
D) Lisinopril
Answer: B) Calcium gluconate
Rationale: Calcium gluconate stabilizes cardiac membranes and prevents
arrhythmias in severe hyperkalemia. Furosemide may lower potassium gradually,
but immediate membrane stabilization is critical.
, 8.
Which of the following is the most common cause of community-acquired
pneumonia in adults?
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Haemophilus influenzae
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D) Staphylococcus aureus
Answer: A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rationale: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent bacterial cause of
community-acquired pneumonia in adults.
9.
A patient presents with jaundice, elevated AST, ALT, and positive HBsAg. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Hepatitis A infection
B) Hepatitis B infection
C) Alcoholic hepatitis
D) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Answer: B) Hepatitis B infection
Rationale: HBsAg positivity indicates active hepatitis B virus infection; elevated
liver enzymes confirm hepatocellular injury.
10.
Which of the following is a hallmark sign of left-sided heart failure?
A) Peripheral edema
B) Jugular venous distension
C) Pulmonary congestion
D) Hepatomegaly
