NR-283 Pathophysiology Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Imbalances
Questions and Answers A+ Grade 2026/2027 | Complete Study Guide
sodium action - (ANSWER)allows for conduction of muscle movement, provides fluid balance in cells and
body fluids
- extracellular electrolye
-chloride generally follows the level of sodium up or down
-fluid loss from diaphoresis, vomiting or diarrhea, diuretic drugs, hormonal imbalance, early chronic
renal failure, excessive water intake
hypernatremia symptoms - (ANSWER)thirst, confusion, decreased urine output, lethargy, possible coma,
muscle weakness, agitation
Hyponatremia symptoms - (ANSWER)mental confusion,HA, seizures, muscle cramps, irritability,
abdominal discomfort or cramps with N/V and seizures
Potassium - (ANSWER)intracellular electrolyte
Potassium action - (ANSWER)helps conduct nerve impulses and muscle contractions
-regulate the flow of fluids and nutrients into and out of body cells
-generation of the electrical impulses in the body that allow muscles and the brain to function,
particularly the heart.
Hyperkalemia symptoms - (ANSWER)life-threatening situation because it causes abnormal electrical
conduction in the heart and potentially life-threatening heart rhythm problems.
Hypokalemia symptoms - (ANSWER)includes muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias,paralytic ileus, ECG
abnormalities, decreased reflexes and in severe cases, respiratory paralysis and alkalosis
Questions and Answers A+ Grade 2026/2027 | Complete Study Guide
sodium action - (ANSWER)allows for conduction of muscle movement, provides fluid balance in cells and
body fluids
- extracellular electrolye
-chloride generally follows the level of sodium up or down
-fluid loss from diaphoresis, vomiting or diarrhea, diuretic drugs, hormonal imbalance, early chronic
renal failure, excessive water intake
hypernatremia symptoms - (ANSWER)thirst, confusion, decreased urine output, lethargy, possible coma,
muscle weakness, agitation
Hyponatremia symptoms - (ANSWER)mental confusion,HA, seizures, muscle cramps, irritability,
abdominal discomfort or cramps with N/V and seizures
Potassium - (ANSWER)intracellular electrolyte
Potassium action - (ANSWER)helps conduct nerve impulses and muscle contractions
-regulate the flow of fluids and nutrients into and out of body cells
-generation of the electrical impulses in the body that allow muscles and the brain to function,
particularly the heart.
Hyperkalemia symptoms - (ANSWER)life-threatening situation because it causes abnormal electrical
conduction in the heart and potentially life-threatening heart rhythm problems.
Hypokalemia symptoms - (ANSWER)includes muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias,paralytic ileus, ECG
abnormalities, decreased reflexes and in severe cases, respiratory paralysis and alkalosis
