APHY 102 Midterm Exam Questions With
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2026 Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. Which type of tissue is primarily responsible for producing
movement in the body?
A. Nervous tissue
B. Epithelial tissue
C. Muscle tissue
D. Connective tissue
Rationale: Muscle tissue contains specialized contractile proteins
(actin and myosin) that enable movement. Skeletal muscle produces
voluntary movement, cardiac muscle pumps blood, and smooth
muscle moves substances through hollow organs.
2. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through aerobic
respiration?
,A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP using oxygen through cellular
respiration. They are often called the "powerhouses" of the cell
because they provide energy for nearly all cellular activities.
3. The resting membrane potential of most neurons is
approximately:
A. +30 mV
B. 0 mV
C. –70 mV
D. –120 mV
Rationale: The resting membrane potential averages about –70 mV
due to unequal ion distribution across the membrane and the activity
of the sodium-potassium pump. This electrical gradient is essential for
nerve impulse transmission.
, 4. Which ion is most responsible for the depolarization phase of an
action potential?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Rationale: Depolarization occurs when voltage-gated sodium channels
open, allowing sodium ions to rapidly enter the neuron, making the
membrane potential more positive.
5. Which division of the nervous system controls voluntary skeletal
muscle movement?
A. Autonomic nervous system
B. Somatic nervous system
C. Sympathetic nervous system
D. Parasympathetic nervous system
Rationale: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements
by innervating skeletal muscles. The autonomic nervous system
regulates involuntary functions.
, 6. The myelin sheath functions primarily to:
A. Produce neurotransmitters
B. Increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction
C. Generate ATP
D. Store calcium ions
Rationale: Myelin acts as an electrical insulator, allowing impulses to
jump between nodes of Ranvier by saltatory conduction, greatly
increasing conduction velocity.
7. Which cells produce myelin in the central nervous system?
A. Schwann cells
B. Astrocytes
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Microglia
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes form myelin around CNS axons, while
Schwann cells perform the same function in the peripheral nervous
system.
8. Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular
junction?
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2026 Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. Which type of tissue is primarily responsible for producing
movement in the body?
A. Nervous tissue
B. Epithelial tissue
C. Muscle tissue
D. Connective tissue
Rationale: Muscle tissue contains specialized contractile proteins
(actin and myosin) that enable movement. Skeletal muscle produces
voluntary movement, cardiac muscle pumps blood, and smooth
muscle moves substances through hollow organs.
2. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through aerobic
respiration?
,A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP using oxygen through cellular
respiration. They are often called the "powerhouses" of the cell
because they provide energy for nearly all cellular activities.
3. The resting membrane potential of most neurons is
approximately:
A. +30 mV
B. 0 mV
C. –70 mV
D. –120 mV
Rationale: The resting membrane potential averages about –70 mV
due to unequal ion distribution across the membrane and the activity
of the sodium-potassium pump. This electrical gradient is essential for
nerve impulse transmission.
, 4. Which ion is most responsible for the depolarization phase of an
action potential?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Rationale: Depolarization occurs when voltage-gated sodium channels
open, allowing sodium ions to rapidly enter the neuron, making the
membrane potential more positive.
5. Which division of the nervous system controls voluntary skeletal
muscle movement?
A. Autonomic nervous system
B. Somatic nervous system
C. Sympathetic nervous system
D. Parasympathetic nervous system
Rationale: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements
by innervating skeletal muscles. The autonomic nervous system
regulates involuntary functions.
, 6. The myelin sheath functions primarily to:
A. Produce neurotransmitters
B. Increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction
C. Generate ATP
D. Store calcium ions
Rationale: Myelin acts as an electrical insulator, allowing impulses to
jump between nodes of Ranvier by saltatory conduction, greatly
increasing conduction velocity.
7. Which cells produce myelin in the central nervous system?
A. Schwann cells
B. Astrocytes
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Microglia
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes form myelin around CNS axons, while
Schwann cells perform the same function in the peripheral nervous
system.
8. Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular
junction?
