APHY 102 Exam 2 Questions With Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus Rationales
2026 Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood
glucose levels?
o A. Glucagon
o B. Insulin
o C. Cortisol
o D. Epinephrine
Rationale: Insulin, produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, lowers
blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into cells, stimulating
glycogen synthesis, and inhibiting glucose production by the liver.
Glucagon has the opposite effect by increasing blood glucose.
2. Which pancreatic cells produce glucagon?
o A. Beta cells
o B. Alpha cells
, o C. Delta cells
o D. Acinar cells
Rationale: Alpha cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon, which
raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown and
gluconeogenesis in the liver.
3. Which endocrine gland is known as the "master gland"?
o A. Thyroid gland
o B. Pituitary gland
o C. Adrenal gland
o D. Pineal gland
Rationale: The pituitary gland regulates numerous other endocrine
glands through tropic hormones, earning it the title of the master
gland, although it is itself regulated by the hypothalamus.
4. Which hormone increases metabolic rate?
o A. Calcitonin
o B. Aldosterone
o C. Thyroxine (T4)
o D. ADH
,Rationale: Thyroxine increases basal metabolic rate by stimulating
oxygen consumption and cellular metabolism in nearly all body
tissues.
5. The parathyroid hormone primarily increases:
o A. Blood potassium
o B. Blood sodium
o C. Blood calcium
o D. Blood glucose
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium by stimulating
bone resorption, increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and
activating vitamin D to enhance intestinal calcium absorption.
6. Which adrenal cortex hormone promotes sodium retention?
o A. Cortisol
o B. Aldosterone
o C. Epinephrine
o D. Melatonin
Rationale: Aldosterone acts on the distal nephron to increase sodium
and water reabsorption while promoting potassium excretion, helping
regulate blood pressure.
, 7. Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary?
o A. Growth hormone
o B. TSH
o C. Oxytocin
o D. ACTH
Rationale: Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the
hypothalamus and stored and released from the posterior pituitary.
8. Cortisol is secreted in response to:
o A. Low calcium
o B. High potassium
o C. ACTH stimulation
o D. Insulin
Rationale: ACTH from the anterior pituitary stimulates cortisol
secretion from the adrenal cortex during stress and metabolic
regulation.
9. Which hormone promotes uterine contractions during labor?
o A. Prolactin
o B. Oxytocin
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus Rationales
2026 Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood
glucose levels?
o A. Glucagon
o B. Insulin
o C. Cortisol
o D. Epinephrine
Rationale: Insulin, produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, lowers
blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into cells, stimulating
glycogen synthesis, and inhibiting glucose production by the liver.
Glucagon has the opposite effect by increasing blood glucose.
2. Which pancreatic cells produce glucagon?
o A. Beta cells
o B. Alpha cells
, o C. Delta cells
o D. Acinar cells
Rationale: Alpha cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon, which
raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown and
gluconeogenesis in the liver.
3. Which endocrine gland is known as the "master gland"?
o A. Thyroid gland
o B. Pituitary gland
o C. Adrenal gland
o D. Pineal gland
Rationale: The pituitary gland regulates numerous other endocrine
glands through tropic hormones, earning it the title of the master
gland, although it is itself regulated by the hypothalamus.
4. Which hormone increases metabolic rate?
o A. Calcitonin
o B. Aldosterone
o C. Thyroxine (T4)
o D. ADH
,Rationale: Thyroxine increases basal metabolic rate by stimulating
oxygen consumption and cellular metabolism in nearly all body
tissues.
5. The parathyroid hormone primarily increases:
o A. Blood potassium
o B. Blood sodium
o C. Blood calcium
o D. Blood glucose
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium by stimulating
bone resorption, increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and
activating vitamin D to enhance intestinal calcium absorption.
6. Which adrenal cortex hormone promotes sodium retention?
o A. Cortisol
o B. Aldosterone
o C. Epinephrine
o D. Melatonin
Rationale: Aldosterone acts on the distal nephron to increase sodium
and water reabsorption while promoting potassium excretion, helping
regulate blood pressure.
, 7. Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary?
o A. Growth hormone
o B. TSH
o C. Oxytocin
o D. ACTH
Rationale: Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the
hypothalamus and stored and released from the posterior pituitary.
8. Cortisol is secreted in response to:
o A. Low calcium
o B. High potassium
o C. ACTH stimulation
o D. Insulin
Rationale: ACTH from the anterior pituitary stimulates cortisol
secretion from the adrenal cortex during stress and metabolic
regulation.
9. Which hormone promotes uterine contractions during labor?
o A. Prolactin
o B. Oxytocin
