Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Verified Answers A+ Grade
2026/2027 | Complete Pathophysiology Study Guide
function of mitochondria - (ANSWER)ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of the cell
Rough ER - (ANSWER)That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER - (ANSWER)That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
Homeostasis - (ANSWER)A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of
any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Hypertrophy - (ANSWER)increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy - (ANSWER)the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; to
waste away
Ischemia - (ANSWER)an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart
muscles.
S/S of Objective Data - (ANSWER)Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood pressure,
physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data - (ANSWER)Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels (pain)
Epinephrine - (ANSWER)Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also
known as adrenaline.
Renin - (ANSWER)hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
,Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Verified Answers A+ Grade
2026/2027 | Complete Pathophysiology Study Guide
What causes edema? - (ANSWER)-reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - (ANSWER)edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing), hyptertension (high
bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
Signs and symptoms of dehydration - (ANSWER)Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, Low BP,
Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function, confusion, and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia - (ANSWER)- muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
Osmosis - (ANSWER)Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion - (ANSWER)Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
active transport - (ANSWER)Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane
against a concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution - (ANSWER)cell shrinks and can die
, Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Verified Answers A+ Grade
2026/2027 | Complete Pathophysiology Study Guide
effect of a hypotonic solution - (ANSWER)cell swells and can burst
active immunity - (ANSWER)A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies
against disease-causing antigens.
passive immunity - (ANSWER)An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies, but rather
receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through breast milk
Examples of active immunity - (ANSWER)natural infection, vaccines,
Examples of passive immunity - (ANSWER)IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin,
humanized monoclonal antibody
acquired immunity - (ANSWER)Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly specific.
examples of acquired immunity - (ANSWER)1) having the infection 2) vaccination
innate immunity - (ANSWER)Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth.
Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
Examples of innate immunity - (ANSWER)skin, hair, cilia, mucus membranes, digestive enzymes, stomach
acidity, inflammatory response, fever, inflammation
5 P's of compartment syndrome - (ANSWER)pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia
Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome - (ANSWER)severe pain or burning sensation
2026/2027 | Complete Pathophysiology Study Guide
function of mitochondria - (ANSWER)ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of the cell
Rough ER - (ANSWER)That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER - (ANSWER)That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
Homeostasis - (ANSWER)A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of
any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Hypertrophy - (ANSWER)increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy - (ANSWER)the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; to
waste away
Ischemia - (ANSWER)an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart
muscles.
S/S of Objective Data - (ANSWER)Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood pressure,
physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data - (ANSWER)Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels (pain)
Epinephrine - (ANSWER)Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also
known as adrenaline.
Renin - (ANSWER)hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
,Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Verified Answers A+ Grade
2026/2027 | Complete Pathophysiology Study Guide
What causes edema? - (ANSWER)-reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - (ANSWER)edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing), hyptertension (high
bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
Signs and symptoms of dehydration - (ANSWER)Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, Low BP,
Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function, confusion, and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia - (ANSWER)- muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
Osmosis - (ANSWER)Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion - (ANSWER)Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
active transport - (ANSWER)Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane
against a concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution - (ANSWER)cell shrinks and can die
, Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Verified Answers A+ Grade
2026/2027 | Complete Pathophysiology Study Guide
effect of a hypotonic solution - (ANSWER)cell swells and can burst
active immunity - (ANSWER)A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies
against disease-causing antigens.
passive immunity - (ANSWER)An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies, but rather
receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through breast milk
Examples of active immunity - (ANSWER)natural infection, vaccines,
Examples of passive immunity - (ANSWER)IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin,
humanized monoclonal antibody
acquired immunity - (ANSWER)Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly specific.
examples of acquired immunity - (ANSWER)1) having the infection 2) vaccination
innate immunity - (ANSWER)Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth.
Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
Examples of innate immunity - (ANSWER)skin, hair, cilia, mucus membranes, digestive enzymes, stomach
acidity, inflammatory response, fever, inflammation
5 P's of compartment syndrome - (ANSWER)pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia
Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome - (ANSWER)severe pain or burning sensation
