Type I Diabetes Mellitus pathogenesis
Give this one a try later!
,Absolute insulin deficiency
Thus glucose cannot enter muscle and adipose tissue
Liver glucose production is no longer opposed by insulin
Overproduction of glucagon by pancreatic alpha cells stimulates
glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Plasma glucose levels rise
When the maximal tubular absorptive capacity (renal threshold) of the
kidney is exceeded, glucose is lost in the urine
Glycosuria and osmotic fluid loss leads to hypovolemia
Neural tissue in the brain responds to this emergency by promoting eating
behavior
Metabolic acidosis ensues as bicarbonate concentration decreases
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs
Hyperkalemia due to excretion of fluid
Lactic acid, a product of glucose metabolism, in excess
Hypovolemic shock
Respiratory compensation: Kussmaul respirations
Continued insulin deficiency leads to lipolysis in the body tissues
Metabolism of fats from storage leads to fatty acid production
These are turned into keto acids in the liver
PH falls below normal
Ketone bodies in urine which causes osmotic fluid loss
,Osteoarthritis (OA) etiology
Give this one a try later!
Degenerative joint disease
Most common arthritis worldwide
Progressive loss of articular cartridge
Etiology varies:
-Abnormal wear and tear
-Repetitive stress
-Obesity
-Joint trauma
-Congenital disorders
Occupation (stress to joints)
Age
Postmenopausal
-Knees
-Hands
Genetic predisposition
Myxedema
Give this one a try later!
, Occurs in severe prolonged thyroid deficiency
Generalized, non-pitting edema
Fluid retention due to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans
in interstitial spaces
Present to emergency room with:
-AMS, thermoregulation problems
-Hx of sepsis, trauma, certain medication use
"Myxedema coma" happens if left untreated
-Medical emergency
-60% mortality rate
Osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis
Give this one a try later!
Initial injury release of proteolytic enzymes
Breakdown of collagen
Decreased hydration of cartilage (aging)
Microfracture with weight bearing
Ability to absorb shock decreased
Fissures and erosion
Bone spur formation
Synovium inflamed causes joints to distend (weight bearing joints often
affected
Give this one a try later!
,Absolute insulin deficiency
Thus glucose cannot enter muscle and adipose tissue
Liver glucose production is no longer opposed by insulin
Overproduction of glucagon by pancreatic alpha cells stimulates
glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Plasma glucose levels rise
When the maximal tubular absorptive capacity (renal threshold) of the
kidney is exceeded, glucose is lost in the urine
Glycosuria and osmotic fluid loss leads to hypovolemia
Neural tissue in the brain responds to this emergency by promoting eating
behavior
Metabolic acidosis ensues as bicarbonate concentration decreases
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs
Hyperkalemia due to excretion of fluid
Lactic acid, a product of glucose metabolism, in excess
Hypovolemic shock
Respiratory compensation: Kussmaul respirations
Continued insulin deficiency leads to lipolysis in the body tissues
Metabolism of fats from storage leads to fatty acid production
These are turned into keto acids in the liver
PH falls below normal
Ketone bodies in urine which causes osmotic fluid loss
,Osteoarthritis (OA) etiology
Give this one a try later!
Degenerative joint disease
Most common arthritis worldwide
Progressive loss of articular cartridge
Etiology varies:
-Abnormal wear and tear
-Repetitive stress
-Obesity
-Joint trauma
-Congenital disorders
Occupation (stress to joints)
Age
Postmenopausal
-Knees
-Hands
Genetic predisposition
Myxedema
Give this one a try later!
, Occurs in severe prolonged thyroid deficiency
Generalized, non-pitting edema
Fluid retention due to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans
in interstitial spaces
Present to emergency room with:
-AMS, thermoregulation problems
-Hx of sepsis, trauma, certain medication use
"Myxedema coma" happens if left untreated
-Medical emergency
-60% mortality rate
Osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis
Give this one a try later!
Initial injury release of proteolytic enzymes
Breakdown of collagen
Decreased hydration of cartilage (aging)
Microfracture with weight bearing
Ability to absorb shock decreased
Fissures and erosion
Bone spur formation
Synovium inflamed causes joints to distend (weight bearing joints often
affected
