PSYC 101 Final Exam – Psychology |
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Who is credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory in
Leipzig, Germany in 1879?
A) William James
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) John B. Watson
Answer: C
Rationale: Wilhelm Wundt established the first formal psychology
laboratory, marking the official beginning of psychology as a
science separate from philosophy and physiology.
Which early school of psychology focused on breaking down
consciousness into basic structural elements?
A) Functionalism
B) Structuralism
C) Behaviorism
D) Psychoanalysis
Answer: B
Rationale: Structuralism, led by Edward Titchener (a student of
Wundt), used introspection to analyze the basic structures or
components of the human mind.
William James is most closely associated with which school of
thought?
A) Structuralism
B) Functionalism
C) Gestalt psychology
D) Humanism
Answer: B
,Rationale: William James was a major proponent of functionalism,
which focused on the purpose and function of mental processes in
adapting to the environment.
The perspective that emphasizes observable actions over internal
mental processes is known as:
A) Cognitive psychology
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Behaviorism
D) Humanism
Answer: C
Rationale: Behaviorism, founded by John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner,
strictly focused on observable behaviors, rejecting the study of
hidden mental processes.
Which approach views behavior as influenced by unconscious drives,
conflicts, and childhood experiences?
A) Psychoanalytic
B) Behavioral
C) Biological
D) Humanistic
Answer: A
Rationale: The psychoanalytic approach, developed by Sigmund
Freud, emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind, early
childhood experiences, and internal conflicts in shaping behavior.
Humanistic psychology, championed by Carl Rogers and Abraham
Maslow, emphasizes:
A) Unconscious motives
B) Free will and self-actualization
C) Observable behavior
D) Genetic determinism
Answer: B
, Rationale: Humanistic psychology focuses on human potential, free
will, and the innate drive toward self-actualization, acting as a "third
force" against psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
A researcher wants to study the impact of a new teaching method
on student test scores. The teaching method is the:
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Confounding variable
D) Control variable
Answer: A
Rationale: The independent variable is the variable that is
deliberately manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect. In
this case, it is the teaching method.
In an experiment studying the effects of sleep on memory, the
participants' memory test scores are the:
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Placebo
D) Control group
Answer: B
Rationale: The dependent variable is the outcome that is measured
to see if it changes as a result of the manipulation of the
independent variable (sleep).
To ensure that participants in an experiment do not know whether
they are in the experimental or control group, researchers use a:
A) Double-blind procedure
B) Single-blind procedure
C) Cross-sectional design
D) Longitudinal design
Answer: B
Portage Learning
Questions and Ansẉers with
Rationales 2026\2027 update
This Exam contains:
Guarantee passing score
Questions and Ansẉers
format set of multiple-choice
Expert-Verified rationales
Verified ẉith trusted textbooks
,───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
Who is credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory in
Leipzig, Germany in 1879?
A) William James
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) John B. Watson
Answer: C
Rationale: Wilhelm Wundt established the first formal psychology
laboratory, marking the official beginning of psychology as a
science separate from philosophy and physiology.
Which early school of psychology focused on breaking down
consciousness into basic structural elements?
A) Functionalism
B) Structuralism
C) Behaviorism
D) Psychoanalysis
Answer: B
Rationale: Structuralism, led by Edward Titchener (a student of
Wundt), used introspection to analyze the basic structures or
components of the human mind.
William James is most closely associated with which school of
thought?
A) Structuralism
B) Functionalism
C) Gestalt psychology
D) Humanism
Answer: B
,Rationale: William James was a major proponent of functionalism,
which focused on the purpose and function of mental processes in
adapting to the environment.
The perspective that emphasizes observable actions over internal
mental processes is known as:
A) Cognitive psychology
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Behaviorism
D) Humanism
Answer: C
Rationale: Behaviorism, founded by John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner,
strictly focused on observable behaviors, rejecting the study of
hidden mental processes.
Which approach views behavior as influenced by unconscious drives,
conflicts, and childhood experiences?
A) Psychoanalytic
B) Behavioral
C) Biological
D) Humanistic
Answer: A
Rationale: The psychoanalytic approach, developed by Sigmund
Freud, emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind, early
childhood experiences, and internal conflicts in shaping behavior.
Humanistic psychology, championed by Carl Rogers and Abraham
Maslow, emphasizes:
A) Unconscious motives
B) Free will and self-actualization
C) Observable behavior
D) Genetic determinism
Answer: B
, Rationale: Humanistic psychology focuses on human potential, free
will, and the innate drive toward self-actualization, acting as a "third
force" against psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
A researcher wants to study the impact of a new teaching method
on student test scores. The teaching method is the:
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Confounding variable
D) Control variable
Answer: A
Rationale: The independent variable is the variable that is
deliberately manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect. In
this case, it is the teaching method.
In an experiment studying the effects of sleep on memory, the
participants' memory test scores are the:
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Placebo
D) Control group
Answer: B
Rationale: The dependent variable is the outcome that is measured
to see if it changes as a result of the manipulation of the
independent variable (sleep).
To ensure that participants in an experiment do not know whether
they are in the experimental or control group, researchers use a:
A) Double-blind procedure
B) Single-blind procedure
C) Cross-sectional design
D) Longitudinal design
Answer: B
