NUR 257 Exam 1 Questions And Verified
Answers |Verified & Already Graded A+
Most Studied | Updated
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What are the defining characteristics of the young-old group (ages 65-74)? ANSWER -
Often newly retired, usually more active and independent, and commonly focused on health
promotion and adjustment to aging.
What are the defining characteristics of the middle-old group (ages 75-84)? ANSWER -
May begin experiencing more chronic illness, functional changes, and increased need for
support with some activities.
What are the defining characteristics of the old-old group (age 85 and older)? ANSWER -
More likely to have frailty, multiple chronic conditions, sensory changes, and greater
dependence on caregivers or long-term care services.
What are the defining characteristics of centenarians (age 100 and older)? ANSWER - A
rapidly growing group with unique health, social, and functional needs.
What are the general interventions to promote wellness in the presence of chronic illness or
disability? ANSWER - Promote the highest possible level of independence and quality of
life through symptom management, pain control, safety, nutrition, mobility, skin care, rest,
and emotional support.
What is the definition of culture in the context of aging? ANSWER - The shared beliefs,
values, customs, language, behaviors, and traditions of a group that shape how people view
the world, health, illness, and care.
What is the definition of diversity? ANSWER - The presence of differences among people,
including race, ethnicity, language, religion, gender, age, socioeconomic status, sexual
orientation, and life experiences.
,What are health disparities? ANSWER - Preventable differences in health outcomes,
access to care, and quality of care experienced by certain groups due to social, economic,
environmental, and systemic inequities.
How can a nurse move toward cultural proficiency to support healthy aging? ANSWER -
Develop self-awareness, examine personal bias, learn about different cultures, avoid
stereotypes, communicate respectfully, use interpreters, ask about patient beliefs, and adapt
care to be culturally congruent.
What are examples of unintentional ageism in language? ANSWER - Using terms like
'the elderly,' 'senile,' 'sweetie,' 'dear,' or 'honey,' speaking to family instead of the patient, and
assuming all older adults are forgetful or dependent.
What strategies help in developing health-promoting plans for older adults from diverse
backgrounds? ANSWER - Use culturally sensitive assessments, provide teaching in
preferred language, include family when appropriate, respect safe traditional practices, build
trust, and assess access barriers like transportation or finances.
What are two normal skin changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Thinning of the
epidermis and dermis, and decreased elasticity and dryness.
What are two normal musculoskeletal changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Loss of
muscle mass and strength, and decreased bone density and joint flexibility.
What are two normal cardiovascular changes associated with aging? ANSWER -
Stiffening of blood vessels and decreased cardiac reserve.
What are two normal respiratory changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Decreased
lung elasticity and reduced chest wall expansion.
What are two normal renal changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Reduced kidney
mass and blood flow, and decreased glomerular filtration rate.
, What are two normal endocrine changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Slower
metabolic rate and reduced glucose tolerance.
What are two normal reproductive changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Decreased
hormone production and vaginal dryness in women or decreased testosterone and sexual
response in men.
What are two normal gastrointestinal changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Slower
gastric motility and decreased saliva and digestive secretions.
What are two normal neurologic changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Slower
reflexes and response time, and mild changes in short-term memory or processing speed.
What are two normal immune system changes associated with aging? ANSWER -
Reduced immune response and increased susceptibility to infection and slower healing.
How can nurses respond to the spiritual needs of older adults? ANSWER - Assess
spiritual beliefs and sources of meaning, listen with empathy, provide privacy for prayer,
support rituals, and offer referrals to chaplains or clergy.
What should be the focus of care during the dying process? ANSWER - Comfort-focused
care, dignity, spiritual support, family support, and clear communication about end-of-life
wishes.
What are some ways nurses can support a patient's spiritual needs? ANSWER - Nurses
can assess spiritual beliefs, listen with empathy, provide privacy for prayer, support
religious rituals, and offer referrals to chaplains or clergy.
What is the primary purpose of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)?
ANSWER - OBRA set standards for nursing home reform, emphasized resident rights,
quality of care, and required residents to achieve or maintain their highest practical level of
well-being.
Answers |Verified & Already Graded A+
Most Studied | Updated
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What are the defining characteristics of the young-old group (ages 65-74)? ANSWER -
Often newly retired, usually more active and independent, and commonly focused on health
promotion and adjustment to aging.
What are the defining characteristics of the middle-old group (ages 75-84)? ANSWER -
May begin experiencing more chronic illness, functional changes, and increased need for
support with some activities.
What are the defining characteristics of the old-old group (age 85 and older)? ANSWER -
More likely to have frailty, multiple chronic conditions, sensory changes, and greater
dependence on caregivers or long-term care services.
What are the defining characteristics of centenarians (age 100 and older)? ANSWER - A
rapidly growing group with unique health, social, and functional needs.
What are the general interventions to promote wellness in the presence of chronic illness or
disability? ANSWER - Promote the highest possible level of independence and quality of
life through symptom management, pain control, safety, nutrition, mobility, skin care, rest,
and emotional support.
What is the definition of culture in the context of aging? ANSWER - The shared beliefs,
values, customs, language, behaviors, and traditions of a group that shape how people view
the world, health, illness, and care.
What is the definition of diversity? ANSWER - The presence of differences among people,
including race, ethnicity, language, religion, gender, age, socioeconomic status, sexual
orientation, and life experiences.
,What are health disparities? ANSWER - Preventable differences in health outcomes,
access to care, and quality of care experienced by certain groups due to social, economic,
environmental, and systemic inequities.
How can a nurse move toward cultural proficiency to support healthy aging? ANSWER -
Develop self-awareness, examine personal bias, learn about different cultures, avoid
stereotypes, communicate respectfully, use interpreters, ask about patient beliefs, and adapt
care to be culturally congruent.
What are examples of unintentional ageism in language? ANSWER - Using terms like
'the elderly,' 'senile,' 'sweetie,' 'dear,' or 'honey,' speaking to family instead of the patient, and
assuming all older adults are forgetful or dependent.
What strategies help in developing health-promoting plans for older adults from diverse
backgrounds? ANSWER - Use culturally sensitive assessments, provide teaching in
preferred language, include family when appropriate, respect safe traditional practices, build
trust, and assess access barriers like transportation or finances.
What are two normal skin changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Thinning of the
epidermis and dermis, and decreased elasticity and dryness.
What are two normal musculoskeletal changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Loss of
muscle mass and strength, and decreased bone density and joint flexibility.
What are two normal cardiovascular changes associated with aging? ANSWER -
Stiffening of blood vessels and decreased cardiac reserve.
What are two normal respiratory changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Decreased
lung elasticity and reduced chest wall expansion.
What are two normal renal changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Reduced kidney
mass and blood flow, and decreased glomerular filtration rate.
, What are two normal endocrine changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Slower
metabolic rate and reduced glucose tolerance.
What are two normal reproductive changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Decreased
hormone production and vaginal dryness in women or decreased testosterone and sexual
response in men.
What are two normal gastrointestinal changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Slower
gastric motility and decreased saliva and digestive secretions.
What are two normal neurologic changes associated with aging? ANSWER - Slower
reflexes and response time, and mild changes in short-term memory or processing speed.
What are two normal immune system changes associated with aging? ANSWER -
Reduced immune response and increased susceptibility to infection and slower healing.
How can nurses respond to the spiritual needs of older adults? ANSWER - Assess
spiritual beliefs and sources of meaning, listen with empathy, provide privacy for prayer,
support rituals, and offer referrals to chaplains or clergy.
What should be the focus of care during the dying process? ANSWER - Comfort-focused
care, dignity, spiritual support, family support, and clear communication about end-of-life
wishes.
What are some ways nurses can support a patient's spiritual needs? ANSWER - Nurses
can assess spiritual beliefs, listen with empathy, provide privacy for prayer, support
religious rituals, and offer referrals to chaplains or clergy.
What is the primary purpose of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)?
ANSWER - OBRA set standards for nursing home reform, emphasized resident rights,
quality of care, and required residents to achieve or maintain their highest practical level of
well-being.
