TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT EXAM 1 (CHAPTERS 1-3) STUDY GUIDE | COMPLETE
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
Competitiveness - ANS ✔✔a company's ability to maintain and gain market share in an industry
To drive competitiveness, you must ________________ - ANS ✔✔utilize training
What is the #1 sources of competitive advantage? - ANS ✔✔Employees
Competitive Advantage - ANS ✔✔Growing the business and improving customer service through a
company
new technology, teams (centrally or virtually), effective communication with co-workers
Human Resource Management - ANS ✔✔the policies, practices, and systems that influence employees'
behavior, attitudes, and performance
In HRM you must --> - ANS ✔✔hire great people, develop them, & retain and optimize them
Stakeholders - ANS ✔✔All who have interest in the success of that company
Employees, customers, special interest groups, government, etc.
The Business Role of Training & Development - ANS ✔✔1. Formal Training & Development
2. Informal Learning
3. Knowledge Management
Formal training and development - ANS ✔✔refers to training and development programs, courses, and
events that are developed and organized by the company
Employees are required to attend or complete these programs, which can include face-to-face training
programs as well as online programs
Informal learning - ANS ✔✔refers to learning that is learner initiated, involves action and doing, is
motivated by an intent to develop, and does not occur in a formal learning setting.
Occurs without a trainer or instructor, and tis breadth, depth, and timing is controlled by the employee
It occurs on an as-needed basis and may involve an employee learning either along or through face-to-
face or technology-aided social interactions.
May account for up to 75% of learning within organizations
Knowledge management - ANS ✔✔refers to the process of enhancing company performance by
designing and implementing tools, processes, systems, structures, and culture to improve the creation,
sharing, and use of knowledge
, Explicit knowledge - ANS ✔✔refers to knowledge that is well documented, easily articulated, and easily
transferred from person to person
Examples: processes, checklists, flowcharts, formulas, and definitions
Tends to be the primary focus of formal training and employee development
Tacit knowledge - ANS ✔✔refers to personal knowledge based on individual experiences that is difficult
to codify
Informal learning is central to the development of tacit knowledge because it involves employee
interactions in personal relationships with peers, colleagues, and experts through which tacit knowledge
is shared.
Instructional Design System - ANS ✔✔is a process for designing and developing training programs
Steps in the Training & Design Process - ANS ✔✔Step 1: Conduct Needs Assessment
Step 2: Ensuring Employees' Readiness for Training
Step 3: Creating a Learning Environment
Step 4: Ensuring Transfer of Training
Step 5: Developing an Evaluation Plan
Step 6: Selecting Training Method
Step 7: Monitoring and Evaluating the Program
ISD approaches share all the following assumptions: - ANS ✔✔Training design is effective only if it helps
employees reach instructional or training goals and objectives
Measuring learning objectives should be identified before the training program begins
Evaluation plays an important part in planning and choosing a training method, monitoring the training
program, and suggesting changes to the training design process.
The ADDIE Model - ANS ✔✔Assessment
Design
Develop
Implementation
Evaluation
The ADDIE Model was derived from the _______ model - ANS ✔✔ISD (instructional design)
What are the 3 types of assets? - ANS ✔✔Financial
Physical
Intangible --> people
What are the forces influencing working and learning? - ANS ✔✔Economic cycles
Globalization
Increased value placed on intangible assets and human capital
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
Competitiveness - ANS ✔✔a company's ability to maintain and gain market share in an industry
To drive competitiveness, you must ________________ - ANS ✔✔utilize training
What is the #1 sources of competitive advantage? - ANS ✔✔Employees
Competitive Advantage - ANS ✔✔Growing the business and improving customer service through a
company
new technology, teams (centrally or virtually), effective communication with co-workers
Human Resource Management - ANS ✔✔the policies, practices, and systems that influence employees'
behavior, attitudes, and performance
In HRM you must --> - ANS ✔✔hire great people, develop them, & retain and optimize them
Stakeholders - ANS ✔✔All who have interest in the success of that company
Employees, customers, special interest groups, government, etc.
The Business Role of Training & Development - ANS ✔✔1. Formal Training & Development
2. Informal Learning
3. Knowledge Management
Formal training and development - ANS ✔✔refers to training and development programs, courses, and
events that are developed and organized by the company
Employees are required to attend or complete these programs, which can include face-to-face training
programs as well as online programs
Informal learning - ANS ✔✔refers to learning that is learner initiated, involves action and doing, is
motivated by an intent to develop, and does not occur in a formal learning setting.
Occurs without a trainer or instructor, and tis breadth, depth, and timing is controlled by the employee
It occurs on an as-needed basis and may involve an employee learning either along or through face-to-
face or technology-aided social interactions.
May account for up to 75% of learning within organizations
Knowledge management - ANS ✔✔refers to the process of enhancing company performance by
designing and implementing tools, processes, systems, structures, and culture to improve the creation,
sharing, and use of knowledge
, Explicit knowledge - ANS ✔✔refers to knowledge that is well documented, easily articulated, and easily
transferred from person to person
Examples: processes, checklists, flowcharts, formulas, and definitions
Tends to be the primary focus of formal training and employee development
Tacit knowledge - ANS ✔✔refers to personal knowledge based on individual experiences that is difficult
to codify
Informal learning is central to the development of tacit knowledge because it involves employee
interactions in personal relationships with peers, colleagues, and experts through which tacit knowledge
is shared.
Instructional Design System - ANS ✔✔is a process for designing and developing training programs
Steps in the Training & Design Process - ANS ✔✔Step 1: Conduct Needs Assessment
Step 2: Ensuring Employees' Readiness for Training
Step 3: Creating a Learning Environment
Step 4: Ensuring Transfer of Training
Step 5: Developing an Evaluation Plan
Step 6: Selecting Training Method
Step 7: Monitoring and Evaluating the Program
ISD approaches share all the following assumptions: - ANS ✔✔Training design is effective only if it helps
employees reach instructional or training goals and objectives
Measuring learning objectives should be identified before the training program begins
Evaluation plays an important part in planning and choosing a training method, monitoring the training
program, and suggesting changes to the training design process.
The ADDIE Model - ANS ✔✔Assessment
Design
Develop
Implementation
Evaluation
The ADDIE Model was derived from the _______ model - ANS ✔✔ISD (instructional design)
What are the 3 types of assets? - ANS ✔✔Financial
Physical
Intangible --> people
What are the forces influencing working and learning? - ANS ✔✔Economic cycles
Globalization
Increased value placed on intangible assets and human capital
