ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
lecture
INTRODUCTION OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Functions:
DEFINITIONS
● External body covering
ANATOMY (ah-nat’o-me) ● Waterproofs and cushions body
● Protects deeper tissues from injury
● Greek Etymology: "to cut (tomy) apart (ana)" ● Produces vitamin D (with sunlight)
● Definition: Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and ● Excretes salts through perspiration
their relationships ● Regulates body temperature
● Contains sensory receptors
Two Types:
SKELETAL SYSTEM
● Gross Anatomy: Study of large body structures visible to naked eye
● Microscopic Anatomy: Study of structures too small to see without a Components: Bones, cartilages, joints
microscope (cells and tissues)
Functions:
PHYSIOLOGY (fiz’e-ol’o-je)
● Supports body and provides framework
Etymology Physio = nature; ology = the study of
● Enables movement (with muscular system)
● Definition: Study of how the body and its parts work or function ● Protects organs (e.g., skull protects brain)
● Site of blood cell formation
ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW ● Stores minerals
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Components: Skin, hair, fingernails
Primary Function: Contraction/shortening to produce movement
, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
lecture
● Skeletal muscles: Attached to bones, cause body movement Primary Organs: Heart and blood vessels
● Other muscles: Move fluids and substances through body
Functions:
NERVOUS SYSTEM
● Delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones to cells
Components: Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors ● Removes wastes (carbon dioxide) from cells
● White blood cells protect from foreign invaders
Characteristics:
● Heart propels blood through vessels
● Body's fast-acting control system
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
● Responds to external stimuli (light, sound, temperature)
● Responds to internal stimuli (oxygen levels, tissue stretching) Components: Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Functions:
Components: Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ● Complements cardiovascular system
ovaries (♀), testes (♂) ● Returns leaked tissue fluid to bloodstream
● Cleanses blood
Characteristics:
● Houses white blood cells for immunity
● Controls body activities but acts slowly
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
● Produces hormones released into blood
● Hormones travel to distant target organs Components: Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Primary Function:
lecture
INTRODUCTION OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Functions:
DEFINITIONS
● External body covering
ANATOMY (ah-nat’o-me) ● Waterproofs and cushions body
● Protects deeper tissues from injury
● Greek Etymology: "to cut (tomy) apart (ana)" ● Produces vitamin D (with sunlight)
● Definition: Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and ● Excretes salts through perspiration
their relationships ● Regulates body temperature
● Contains sensory receptors
Two Types:
SKELETAL SYSTEM
● Gross Anatomy: Study of large body structures visible to naked eye
● Microscopic Anatomy: Study of structures too small to see without a Components: Bones, cartilages, joints
microscope (cells and tissues)
Functions:
PHYSIOLOGY (fiz’e-ol’o-je)
● Supports body and provides framework
Etymology Physio = nature; ology = the study of
● Enables movement (with muscular system)
● Definition: Study of how the body and its parts work or function ● Protects organs (e.g., skull protects brain)
● Site of blood cell formation
ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW ● Stores minerals
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Components: Skin, hair, fingernails
Primary Function: Contraction/shortening to produce movement
, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
lecture
● Skeletal muscles: Attached to bones, cause body movement Primary Organs: Heart and blood vessels
● Other muscles: Move fluids and substances through body
Functions:
NERVOUS SYSTEM
● Delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones to cells
Components: Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors ● Removes wastes (carbon dioxide) from cells
● White blood cells protect from foreign invaders
Characteristics:
● Heart propels blood through vessels
● Body's fast-acting control system
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
● Responds to external stimuli (light, sound, temperature)
● Responds to internal stimuli (oxygen levels, tissue stretching) Components: Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Functions:
Components: Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ● Complements cardiovascular system
ovaries (♀), testes (♂) ● Returns leaked tissue fluid to bloodstream
● Cleanses blood
Characteristics:
● Houses white blood cells for immunity
● Controls body activities but acts slowly
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
● Produces hormones released into blood
● Hormones travel to distant target organs Components: Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Primary Function:
