EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE |
COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
Declarative knowledge is a person's store of factual information about a subject. At a higher level, a
person's understanding of about how and when to apply the facts that have been learned is: - ANS
✔✔Procedural knowledge
ADDIE is: - ANS ✔✔Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation
The fifth phase of the ADDIE model that determines the effectiveness of each phase of the ADDIE
process and training's success in meeting its outcome objectives is the ... - ANS ✔✔Evaluation Phase
Knowledge is an organized body of facts, principles, procedures, and information acquired over time.
Learning refers to: - ANS ✔✔All of the above
The information we acquire and place into memory (declarative)
How information is organized for use into what we already know (procedural)
& Our understanding of how, when, and why information is used and is useful (strategic)
Evidence shows that companies investing in training produce improved financial results in terms of
higher sales, gross profits per employee, stock growth, and ratio of market to book value. In essence,
training can provide a company with a(n): - ANS ✔✔competitive advantage
Which is NOT one of the four (4) components of an open system? - ANS ✔✔Organization's Internal
Atmosphere
A skill is a proficiency at being able to do something rather than just knowing how to do it. When a
person is learning a particular skill or has only recently learned it, he/she is in the __________________
stage. Here he/she needs to think about what he/she is doing while performing the skill. - ANS
✔✔Compilation
The second phase of the ADDIE model that includes the systematic process for formulating the
objectives of training and the guidelines for most effectively achieving the objectives is the ... - ANS
✔✔Design Phase
The __________________ describes the order, timing, and combination of methods and elements to be
used in the training program to meet the objectives. - ANS ✔✔NOT
Constructional Strategy
The fourth phase of the ADDIE model that first tries out the training program through dry runs and/or
pilot testing and then delivers the actual training is the ... - ANS ✔✔Implementation Phase
A competency is a set of KSAs that enables a person to be successful at a number of similar tasks.
However, a competency is more than just KSAs; it is the ability to: - ANS ✔✔NOT
Incorporate and use the KSAs to develop successful strategies
,A process of data gathering and causal analysis to identify both training, and nontraining needs and their
priorities is the ... - ANS ✔✔Analysis Phase
Declarative knowledge is a person's store of factual information about a subject. The highest level of
knowledge, used for planning, monitoring, and revising goal-directed activity, is: - ANS ✔✔Strategic
knowledge
____________________ determines how well a particular training process achieved its objectives. It is
an examination of the way each of the phases of training were conducted to determine if the met
expectation. - ANS ✔✔Process Evaluation
A(n) _____________ event occurs when a person with authority to take action believes that actual
organizational performance (AOP) is less than the expected organizational performance (EOP). - ANS
✔✔triggering
The ___________ phase begins with the identification of the organizational performance gap. - ANS
✔✔analysis
Which is NOT one of the major trends (or key issues) in training? - ANS ✔✔increasing dilution and
creating antecedent solutions
The difference between the organization's expected performance and its actual performance on key
performance indicators such as profit, market share, and absenteeism is called the ... - ANS
✔✔Organizational Performance Gap
The third phase of the ADDIE model that includes the formulating an instructional strategy, within the
constraints of the organization, to meet a set of training objectives is the ... - ANS ✔✔Development
Phase
A skill is a proficiency at being able to do something rather than just knowing how to do it. After a person
has mastered the skill and used it often, he/she has reached the ____________________ stage. Here the
person is able to perform the skill without really thinking about what he/she is doing. - ANS
✔✔Automaticity
A process used to determine how best to pursue the organization's mission while meeting the demands
of the environment in the near and long term; in other words, a process used to decide how best to
meet the demands of the organization's immediate or anticipated environment is: - ANS ✔✔formalized
strategic planning
Plans for achieving the organization's immediate goals and objectives in response to current
environmental conditions is: - ANS ✔✔reactive strategy
The number of factors in the environment and how interrelated they are is: - ANS ✔✔environmental
complexity
The long-term plans for achieving the organization's goals and objectives given the future expectations in
the environment is: - ANS ✔✔proactive strategy
, Whenever internal change is planned, the plan should address three (3) levels in the organization. Which
is NOT one of the levels? - ANS ✔✔Groups within individuals and organizations within groups
The number and formality of rules, policies, and procedures created to direct employee behavior is the
essence of organizational design. A highly ________________ design reflects an organization with highly
defined tasks, rigid and detailed procedures, high reliance on authority, and vertical communication
channels. - ANS ✔✔mechanistic
A plan for changing the organization to align it with its competitive strategy is: - ANS ✔✔internal strategy
An organization's attempt to optimize the match between its mission, and what is occurring in the
external environment, and the organization's internal operations is: - ANS ✔✔organizational strategy
Strategy is the process of making internal adjustments to accommodate the demands of the external
environment while: - ANS ✔✔remaining true to the mission
There are two types of competitive strategies. Firms that choose the ____________________ strategy
are also referred to as prospectors or innovators and their strategy is to find and exploit new product and
market opportunities. - ANS ✔✔market leader
There are two types of competitive strategies. Companies that adopt the _______________________
strategy or defender strategy have the main goal of being the low-cost provider in the industry. - ANS
✔✔cost leader
_________________________ is the amount of authority given to employees in deciding how to
complete a task, and the degree to which they are able to influence goals and strategies for their work
unit. - ANS ✔✔Decision autonomy
The set of plans created to position an organization in the marketplace is ... - ANS ✔✔competitive
strategy
_______________________ is most often seen in the cost leader strategy. ______________________ is
more typical of market leader strategies. - ANS ✔✔Routine technology/Nonroutine technology
There are three possible HRD strategies with regard to providing training. Which is NOT one of them? -
ANS ✔✔Isolated
____________________ focuses on positioning the company's products or services in the marketplace.
This important strategy encompasses the internal and external choices the company makes to improve
or retain its competitive position. - ANS ✔✔Competitive strategy
The rate in which key factors in the environment change is: - ANS ✔✔environmental stability
There are three (3) core issues organizations must resolve in developing and implementing strategy.
Which is NOT one of them? - ANS ✔✔Contextual issues
The number and formality of rules, policies, and procedures created to direct employee behavior is the
essence of organizational design. A highly ________________ design reflects an organization that has
COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
Declarative knowledge is a person's store of factual information about a subject. At a higher level, a
person's understanding of about how and when to apply the facts that have been learned is: - ANS
✔✔Procedural knowledge
ADDIE is: - ANS ✔✔Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation
The fifth phase of the ADDIE model that determines the effectiveness of each phase of the ADDIE
process and training's success in meeting its outcome objectives is the ... - ANS ✔✔Evaluation Phase
Knowledge is an organized body of facts, principles, procedures, and information acquired over time.
Learning refers to: - ANS ✔✔All of the above
The information we acquire and place into memory (declarative)
How information is organized for use into what we already know (procedural)
& Our understanding of how, when, and why information is used and is useful (strategic)
Evidence shows that companies investing in training produce improved financial results in terms of
higher sales, gross profits per employee, stock growth, and ratio of market to book value. In essence,
training can provide a company with a(n): - ANS ✔✔competitive advantage
Which is NOT one of the four (4) components of an open system? - ANS ✔✔Organization's Internal
Atmosphere
A skill is a proficiency at being able to do something rather than just knowing how to do it. When a
person is learning a particular skill or has only recently learned it, he/she is in the __________________
stage. Here he/she needs to think about what he/she is doing while performing the skill. - ANS
✔✔Compilation
The second phase of the ADDIE model that includes the systematic process for formulating the
objectives of training and the guidelines for most effectively achieving the objectives is the ... - ANS
✔✔Design Phase
The __________________ describes the order, timing, and combination of methods and elements to be
used in the training program to meet the objectives. - ANS ✔✔NOT
Constructional Strategy
The fourth phase of the ADDIE model that first tries out the training program through dry runs and/or
pilot testing and then delivers the actual training is the ... - ANS ✔✔Implementation Phase
A competency is a set of KSAs that enables a person to be successful at a number of similar tasks.
However, a competency is more than just KSAs; it is the ability to: - ANS ✔✔NOT
Incorporate and use the KSAs to develop successful strategies
,A process of data gathering and causal analysis to identify both training, and nontraining needs and their
priorities is the ... - ANS ✔✔Analysis Phase
Declarative knowledge is a person's store of factual information about a subject. The highest level of
knowledge, used for planning, monitoring, and revising goal-directed activity, is: - ANS ✔✔Strategic
knowledge
____________________ determines how well a particular training process achieved its objectives. It is
an examination of the way each of the phases of training were conducted to determine if the met
expectation. - ANS ✔✔Process Evaluation
A(n) _____________ event occurs when a person with authority to take action believes that actual
organizational performance (AOP) is less than the expected organizational performance (EOP). - ANS
✔✔triggering
The ___________ phase begins with the identification of the organizational performance gap. - ANS
✔✔analysis
Which is NOT one of the major trends (or key issues) in training? - ANS ✔✔increasing dilution and
creating antecedent solutions
The difference between the organization's expected performance and its actual performance on key
performance indicators such as profit, market share, and absenteeism is called the ... - ANS
✔✔Organizational Performance Gap
The third phase of the ADDIE model that includes the formulating an instructional strategy, within the
constraints of the organization, to meet a set of training objectives is the ... - ANS ✔✔Development
Phase
A skill is a proficiency at being able to do something rather than just knowing how to do it. After a person
has mastered the skill and used it often, he/she has reached the ____________________ stage. Here the
person is able to perform the skill without really thinking about what he/she is doing. - ANS
✔✔Automaticity
A process used to determine how best to pursue the organization's mission while meeting the demands
of the environment in the near and long term; in other words, a process used to decide how best to
meet the demands of the organization's immediate or anticipated environment is: - ANS ✔✔formalized
strategic planning
Plans for achieving the organization's immediate goals and objectives in response to current
environmental conditions is: - ANS ✔✔reactive strategy
The number of factors in the environment and how interrelated they are is: - ANS ✔✔environmental
complexity
The long-term plans for achieving the organization's goals and objectives given the future expectations in
the environment is: - ANS ✔✔proactive strategy
, Whenever internal change is planned, the plan should address three (3) levels in the organization. Which
is NOT one of the levels? - ANS ✔✔Groups within individuals and organizations within groups
The number and formality of rules, policies, and procedures created to direct employee behavior is the
essence of organizational design. A highly ________________ design reflects an organization with highly
defined tasks, rigid and detailed procedures, high reliance on authority, and vertical communication
channels. - ANS ✔✔mechanistic
A plan for changing the organization to align it with its competitive strategy is: - ANS ✔✔internal strategy
An organization's attempt to optimize the match between its mission, and what is occurring in the
external environment, and the organization's internal operations is: - ANS ✔✔organizational strategy
Strategy is the process of making internal adjustments to accommodate the demands of the external
environment while: - ANS ✔✔remaining true to the mission
There are two types of competitive strategies. Firms that choose the ____________________ strategy
are also referred to as prospectors or innovators and their strategy is to find and exploit new product and
market opportunities. - ANS ✔✔market leader
There are two types of competitive strategies. Companies that adopt the _______________________
strategy or defender strategy have the main goal of being the low-cost provider in the industry. - ANS
✔✔cost leader
_________________________ is the amount of authority given to employees in deciding how to
complete a task, and the degree to which they are able to influence goals and strategies for their work
unit. - ANS ✔✔Decision autonomy
The set of plans created to position an organization in the marketplace is ... - ANS ✔✔competitive
strategy
_______________________ is most often seen in the cost leader strategy. ______________________ is
more typical of market leader strategies. - ANS ✔✔Routine technology/Nonroutine technology
There are three possible HRD strategies with regard to providing training. Which is NOT one of them? -
ANS ✔✔Isolated
____________________ focuses on positioning the company's products or services in the marketplace.
This important strategy encompasses the internal and external choices the company makes to improve
or retain its competitive position. - ANS ✔✔Competitive strategy
The rate in which key factors in the environment change is: - ANS ✔✔environmental stability
There are three (3) core issues organizations must resolve in developing and implementing strategy.
Which is NOT one of them? - ANS ✔✔Contextual issues
The number and formality of rules, policies, and procedures created to direct employee behavior is the
essence of organizational design. A highly ________________ design reflects an organization that has
