NURS 611 Exam Review Questions with
Correct Answers
immunoglobulin associated with asthma
IgE
causes of pre-renal AKI
hypo-perfusion
BUN is higher than plasma creatinine since urea is still reabsorbed
no damage to the kidneys, reversible
ex: dehydration, severe blood loss, heart failure, cirrhosis, sepsis
a patient has HTN and CKD, spilling out albumin out but have a normal GFR, what
kidney failure stage are they in?
CKD stage 1
characteristics of PCOS
no single factor to cause
most common cause of anovulation, ovulatory dysfunction, and infertility
excess androgens
ovarian follicles do not develop normally
insulin resistance --> glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia result
-aggravate the hyperandrogenic state
endometriosis
ectopic functional endometrial tissue
-responds to hormonal fluctuations
, common sites: pelvic peritoneum, ovaries
symptoms may vary but commonly include pain and infertility
responds to the hormones of the normal menstrual cycle except that the ectopic tissue does
not respond to progesterone --> bleeding occurs ectopically --> inflammatory cascade
activation --> can end up with fibrotic changes and scarring causing adhesions, infertility, and
pain
HPV
known to cause cervical cancer
transmission via contact of surfaces of infected tissues or fluids after epithelial trauma -->
basal cells of the epithelium are infected --> the HPV virus uses the cell's nuclear DNA to
either cause increased growth that is noncancerous (warts) or uncontrolled growth (cancer)
some can clear the infection, others cannot
smoking increases risks of persistent infection and later development of cervical cancer
infection with high-risk HPV is a necessary precursor to development of precancerous
dysplasia of the cervix leading to invasive cancer
what is the condition of the urethral meatus when located on the ventral portion of the
penis?
hypospadias
what type of renal injury can occur in BPH
post-renal
obstructive uropathy
pulmonary embolism findings
Correct Answers
immunoglobulin associated with asthma
IgE
causes of pre-renal AKI
hypo-perfusion
BUN is higher than plasma creatinine since urea is still reabsorbed
no damage to the kidneys, reversible
ex: dehydration, severe blood loss, heart failure, cirrhosis, sepsis
a patient has HTN and CKD, spilling out albumin out but have a normal GFR, what
kidney failure stage are they in?
CKD stage 1
characteristics of PCOS
no single factor to cause
most common cause of anovulation, ovulatory dysfunction, and infertility
excess androgens
ovarian follicles do not develop normally
insulin resistance --> glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia result
-aggravate the hyperandrogenic state
endometriosis
ectopic functional endometrial tissue
-responds to hormonal fluctuations
, common sites: pelvic peritoneum, ovaries
symptoms may vary but commonly include pain and infertility
responds to the hormones of the normal menstrual cycle except that the ectopic tissue does
not respond to progesterone --> bleeding occurs ectopically --> inflammatory cascade
activation --> can end up with fibrotic changes and scarring causing adhesions, infertility, and
pain
HPV
known to cause cervical cancer
transmission via contact of surfaces of infected tissues or fluids after epithelial trauma -->
basal cells of the epithelium are infected --> the HPV virus uses the cell's nuclear DNA to
either cause increased growth that is noncancerous (warts) or uncontrolled growth (cancer)
some can clear the infection, others cannot
smoking increases risks of persistent infection and later development of cervical cancer
infection with high-risk HPV is a necessary precursor to development of precancerous
dysplasia of the cervix leading to invasive cancer
what is the condition of the urethral meatus when located on the ventral portion of the
penis?
hypospadias
what type of renal injury can occur in BPH
post-renal
obstructive uropathy
pulmonary embolism findings
