NURS 611 Exam 2 Questions with Correct
Answers
What makes up the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for?
Conserving energy and the body's resources
What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for?
Catecholamine release - Epinephrine
Mobilizing energy stores and decreasing release of insulin
Redistributing blood low - Increasing to muscles and lungs (flight) and decreasing to
GI/Integumentary
What are the classifications of primary brain injury?
Focal or diffuse
What are focal brain injuries?
Specific, grossly observable lesions that occur in a precise location
What are examples of focal brain injuries?
Epidural hemorrhage and subdural hemorrhage
What are examples of diffuse brain injuries?
Hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
,What can happen with increased intracranial pressures?
Collateral dysfunction such as Diabetes Insipidus
What are characteristics of autonomic hyperreflexia?
Paroxysmal hypertension, pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above level of lesion
with flushing of skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection causes by pilomotor spasm, and
bradycardia.
What is the sequence of events leading to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia?
Stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve to the sinoatrial nose
The intact autonomic nervous system reflexively responds with arteriolar spasm that
increases blood pressure
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, carotid sinus, and aorta sense the hypertension and
stimulation the parasympathetic nervous system
The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent
impulses cannot pass through the cord
What are the onset of delirium and dementia?
Delirium - acute and common during hospitalization
Dementia - usually insidious and can be acute in situations such as trauma or stroke
What conditions are associated with delirium?
, UTI, thyroid disorders, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, toxicity, fluid-electrolyte imbalance, renal
insufficiency, trauma, multiple medications
What conditions are associated with dementia?
May have no other conditions
What is the course of delirium?
Fluctuates and remits with treatment
What is the course with dementia?
chronic slow decline
What is the duration of delirium?
Hours to weeks
What is the duration of dementia?
Months to years
What sleep-wake cycle is noted with delirium?
disrupted
What sleep-wake cycle is noted with dementia?
Usually normal or frgmented
What is the alertness and orientation with delirium?
impaired
What is the alertness and orientation with dementia?
Normal alertness and intact early, but impaired later
Answers
What makes up the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for?
Conserving energy and the body's resources
What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for?
Catecholamine release - Epinephrine
Mobilizing energy stores and decreasing release of insulin
Redistributing blood low - Increasing to muscles and lungs (flight) and decreasing to
GI/Integumentary
What are the classifications of primary brain injury?
Focal or diffuse
What are focal brain injuries?
Specific, grossly observable lesions that occur in a precise location
What are examples of focal brain injuries?
Epidural hemorrhage and subdural hemorrhage
What are examples of diffuse brain injuries?
Hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
,What can happen with increased intracranial pressures?
Collateral dysfunction such as Diabetes Insipidus
What are characteristics of autonomic hyperreflexia?
Paroxysmal hypertension, pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above level of lesion
with flushing of skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection causes by pilomotor spasm, and
bradycardia.
What is the sequence of events leading to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia?
Stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve to the sinoatrial nose
The intact autonomic nervous system reflexively responds with arteriolar spasm that
increases blood pressure
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, carotid sinus, and aorta sense the hypertension and
stimulation the parasympathetic nervous system
The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent
impulses cannot pass through the cord
What are the onset of delirium and dementia?
Delirium - acute and common during hospitalization
Dementia - usually insidious and can be acute in situations such as trauma or stroke
What conditions are associated with delirium?
, UTI, thyroid disorders, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, toxicity, fluid-electrolyte imbalance, renal
insufficiency, trauma, multiple medications
What conditions are associated with dementia?
May have no other conditions
What is the course of delirium?
Fluctuates and remits with treatment
What is the course with dementia?
chronic slow decline
What is the duration of delirium?
Hours to weeks
What is the duration of dementia?
Months to years
What sleep-wake cycle is noted with delirium?
disrupted
What sleep-wake cycle is noted with dementia?
Usually normal or frgmented
What is the alertness and orientation with delirium?
impaired
What is the alertness and orientation with dementia?
Normal alertness and intact early, but impaired later
