, BIOD 331 / NURS 231 Pathophysiology Final Exam:
250+ Practice Questions with Verified Answers &
Detailed Rationales | Portage Learning Modules 1-10
Comprehensive Review | 2026/2027 Update | Graded
A+ | Instant Download
Question 1: True/False: A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia.
Answer: False
Rationale: Bodybuilders' muscles enlarge through hypertrophy (increase in cell size),
not hyperplasia (increase in cell number). Skeletal muscle cells are permanent cells that
cannot undergo mitosis .
Question 2: True/False: Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia.
Answer: False
Rationale: Barrett esophagus is an example of metaplasia, not dysplasia. It involves the
replacement of normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus with columnar
epithelium in response to chronic acid reflux .
Question 3: True/False: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue
caused by an increase in the number of cells.
Answer: False
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells, not the number of cells.
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells .
Question 4: True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological
conditions.
Answer: True
,Rationale: Hypertrophy can be physiologic (skeletal muscle enlargement from exercise,
uterine smooth muscle hypertrophy during pregnancy) or pathologic (left ventricular
hypertrophy from chronic hypertension) .
Question 5: True/False: Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia.
Answer: True
Rationale: If the injurious stimulus persists, metaplastic tissue may undergo additional
genetic changes, evolving into dysplasia, which is a preneoplastic lesion .
Question 6: True/False: Persistent dysplasia eventually results in cancer.
Answer: True
Rationale: Persistent and progressive dysplasia can progress to carcinoma in situ and
eventually invasive cancer if the inciting cause is not eliminated .
Question 7: A patient has a fever and rash. What are these examples of?
A) Signs
B) Symptoms
C) Both A & B
Answer: A) Signs
Rationale: Signs are objective manifestations that can be observed or measured (fever,
rash). Symptoms are subjective complaints reported by the patient (pain, nausea) .
Question 8: High blood pressure is an example of which of the following?
A) Pathology
B) Pathophysiology
C) Etiology
D) Physiology
, Answer: B) Pathophysiology
Rationale: Pathophysiology studies the functional or physiologic changes that result in
a disruption of normal function. High blood pressure represents a disruption of normal
cardiovascular physiology .
Question 9: Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well checkup and
keeping up with the recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of:
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Quaternary prevention
Answer: A) Primary prevention
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs. This includes
vaccination programs, regular checkups, and health education .
Question 10: Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue found in the body?
A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Vascular
D) Muscle
Answer: C) Vascular
Rationale: The four types of tissue are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
Vascular tissue is not one of the primary tissue types .
MODULE 1: CELLULAR INJURY & NECROSIS
Question 11: Coagulative necrosis results most often from:
A) Bacterial infection
B) Sudden cutoff of blood supply (ischemia)
250+ Practice Questions with Verified Answers &
Detailed Rationales | Portage Learning Modules 1-10
Comprehensive Review | 2026/2027 Update | Graded
A+ | Instant Download
Question 1: True/False: A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia.
Answer: False
Rationale: Bodybuilders' muscles enlarge through hypertrophy (increase in cell size),
not hyperplasia (increase in cell number). Skeletal muscle cells are permanent cells that
cannot undergo mitosis .
Question 2: True/False: Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia.
Answer: False
Rationale: Barrett esophagus is an example of metaplasia, not dysplasia. It involves the
replacement of normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus with columnar
epithelium in response to chronic acid reflux .
Question 3: True/False: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue
caused by an increase in the number of cells.
Answer: False
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells, not the number of cells.
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells .
Question 4: True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological
conditions.
Answer: True
,Rationale: Hypertrophy can be physiologic (skeletal muscle enlargement from exercise,
uterine smooth muscle hypertrophy during pregnancy) or pathologic (left ventricular
hypertrophy from chronic hypertension) .
Question 5: True/False: Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia.
Answer: True
Rationale: If the injurious stimulus persists, metaplastic tissue may undergo additional
genetic changes, evolving into dysplasia, which is a preneoplastic lesion .
Question 6: True/False: Persistent dysplasia eventually results in cancer.
Answer: True
Rationale: Persistent and progressive dysplasia can progress to carcinoma in situ and
eventually invasive cancer if the inciting cause is not eliminated .
Question 7: A patient has a fever and rash. What are these examples of?
A) Signs
B) Symptoms
C) Both A & B
Answer: A) Signs
Rationale: Signs are objective manifestations that can be observed or measured (fever,
rash). Symptoms are subjective complaints reported by the patient (pain, nausea) .
Question 8: High blood pressure is an example of which of the following?
A) Pathology
B) Pathophysiology
C) Etiology
D) Physiology
, Answer: B) Pathophysiology
Rationale: Pathophysiology studies the functional or physiologic changes that result in
a disruption of normal function. High blood pressure represents a disruption of normal
cardiovascular physiology .
Question 9: Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well checkup and
keeping up with the recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of:
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Quaternary prevention
Answer: A) Primary prevention
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs. This includes
vaccination programs, regular checkups, and health education .
Question 10: Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue found in the body?
A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Vascular
D) Muscle
Answer: C) Vascular
Rationale: The four types of tissue are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
Vascular tissue is not one of the primary tissue types .
MODULE 1: CELLULAR INJURY & NECROSIS
Question 11: Coagulative necrosis results most often from:
A) Bacterial infection
B) Sudden cutoff of blood supply (ischemia)
