SCI 131 Exam 1 V3 | SCI 131 Introduction
to Nutrition | Q&A with Rationale (SCI131
Exam 1) | Nightingale College
1. A nurse is educating a client on the kilocalorie (kcal) value of macronutrients. How many
kilocalories are provided by one gram of dietary fat?
A. 4 kcal
B. 9 kcal
C. 7 kcal
D. 12 kcal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing 9 kilocalories per gram.
In contrast, carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kilocalories per gram. This high energy
density explains why fats are the primary storage form of energy in the body.
2. Which of the following is considered a primary function of carbohydrates in the human
body?
A. Building muscle tissue
B. Acting as the primary solvent for vitamins
C. Providing the preferred source of energy
,D. Regulation of body temperature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of fuel and are essential for brain
and nervous system function. They are broken down into glucose, which is used by cells to
produce ATP. If carbohydrate intake is insufficient, the body may turn to protein and fat for
energy, which is less efficient.
3. A client is diagnosed with scurvy. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with this
condition?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin A
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Scurvy is caused by a severe deficiency in Vitamin C, which is essential for
collagen synthesis. Symptoms often include bleeding gums, easy bruising, and poor wound
healing. Modern diets usually provide enough Vitamin C to prevent this condition, but it can
still occur in cases of extreme malnutrition.
4. Which of the following Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) values meets the nutrient needs of
97% to 98% of healthy individuals in a specific life stage and gender group?
A. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
, B. Adequate Intake (AI)
C. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
D. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is set to meet the needs of nearly
all healthy individuals in a population. It is calculated based on the Estimated Average
Requirement (EAR) plus a safety margin. The RDA is the standard most commonly used for
individual nutritional planning.
5. Which organ is the primary site for the absorption of most nutrients?
A. Stomach
B. Small Intestine
C. Large Intestine
D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is anatomically designed for maximum absorption due to its
large surface area provided by villi and microvilli. Most chemical digestion and nearly all
nutrient absorption occur within its three segments: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes.
to Nutrition | Q&A with Rationale (SCI131
Exam 1) | Nightingale College
1. A nurse is educating a client on the kilocalorie (kcal) value of macronutrients. How many
kilocalories are provided by one gram of dietary fat?
A. 4 kcal
B. 9 kcal
C. 7 kcal
D. 12 kcal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing 9 kilocalories per gram.
In contrast, carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kilocalories per gram. This high energy
density explains why fats are the primary storage form of energy in the body.
2. Which of the following is considered a primary function of carbohydrates in the human
body?
A. Building muscle tissue
B. Acting as the primary solvent for vitamins
C. Providing the preferred source of energy
,D. Regulation of body temperature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of fuel and are essential for brain
and nervous system function. They are broken down into glucose, which is used by cells to
produce ATP. If carbohydrate intake is insufficient, the body may turn to protein and fat for
energy, which is less efficient.
3. A client is diagnosed with scurvy. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with this
condition?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin A
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Scurvy is caused by a severe deficiency in Vitamin C, which is essential for
collagen synthesis. Symptoms often include bleeding gums, easy bruising, and poor wound
healing. Modern diets usually provide enough Vitamin C to prevent this condition, but it can
still occur in cases of extreme malnutrition.
4. Which of the following Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) values meets the nutrient needs of
97% to 98% of healthy individuals in a specific life stage and gender group?
A. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
, B. Adequate Intake (AI)
C. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
D. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is set to meet the needs of nearly
all healthy individuals in a population. It is calculated based on the Estimated Average
Requirement (EAR) plus a safety margin. The RDA is the standard most commonly used for
individual nutritional planning.
5. Which organ is the primary site for the absorption of most nutrients?
A. Stomach
B. Small Intestine
C. Large Intestine
D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is anatomically designed for maximum absorption due to its
large surface area provided by villi and microvilli. Most chemical digestion and nearly all
nutrient absorption occur within its three segments: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes.
