STATISTICS PORTAGE CNSL 503 1
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ sample mean symbol.
Answer: x̅ or M
◍ Describe the ordinal scale and provide an example..
Answer: provides both categorical information and rank order (Example:
class ranking - freshman, sophomore, junior, senior)
◍ What is a repeated measures study?.
Answer: a study that uses the same participant under each condition or
treatment in a study. ex. The participants are given a test under a specific
condition then repeated under a different condition.
◍ alpha level.
Answer: the maximum probability that one would make a type I error if the
null hypothesis is true; a decision criterion set prior to data collection
◍ What is another name for a paired study?.
Answer: Repeated measures design, within-subjects design, or related
measures study
◍ Regarding the interpretation of statistical results, researchers mush
understand the.
Answer: Strengths and limitations, that characterize each statistical method
and responsible for the claims they make about the statistics they obtain
◍ The mean may not be appropriate when there are....
Answer: outliers
, ◍ formula for the population mean.
Answer: μ=ΣX/Nμ= population meanΣ= "sum of"X= scoreN= population
sizeΣX= the sum of all scores
◍ What are the two types of two-sample experimental design studies?.
Answer: Independent and paired
◍ The sum of squares, variance and standard deviation are based on....
Answer: all the scores related to one another
◍ What is an independent samples t-test used for?.
Answer: to assess differences between means from only two groups with
completely independent members. May measure the difference between the
means of 2 scores, 2 groups, or 2 interventions
◍ interval (category + order + equal distance between points) scale.
Answer: contains ordered values that are the same distance apart; does not
have an absolute, meaningful zero; can have negative values
◍ variability.
Answer: the average distance from the mean
◍ statistical hypothesis.
Answer: a claim about a population
◍ Define descriptive statistics.
Answer: Involves analyses that provide a way to summarize and describe
data (e.g. mean, median, mode).
◍ confounding variable.
Answer: an extraneous variable that can explain changes in the dependent
variable instead of the independent variable
◍ ____ are controlled via the alpha level.
Answer: Type I
◍ What are continuous variables? Provide an example..
Answer: Continuous variables can theoretically be broken down into
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ sample mean symbol.
Answer: x̅ or M
◍ Describe the ordinal scale and provide an example..
Answer: provides both categorical information and rank order (Example:
class ranking - freshman, sophomore, junior, senior)
◍ What is a repeated measures study?.
Answer: a study that uses the same participant under each condition or
treatment in a study. ex. The participants are given a test under a specific
condition then repeated under a different condition.
◍ alpha level.
Answer: the maximum probability that one would make a type I error if the
null hypothesis is true; a decision criterion set prior to data collection
◍ What is another name for a paired study?.
Answer: Repeated measures design, within-subjects design, or related
measures study
◍ Regarding the interpretation of statistical results, researchers mush
understand the.
Answer: Strengths and limitations, that characterize each statistical method
and responsible for the claims they make about the statistics they obtain
◍ The mean may not be appropriate when there are....
Answer: outliers
, ◍ formula for the population mean.
Answer: μ=ΣX/Nμ= population meanΣ= "sum of"X= scoreN= population
sizeΣX= the sum of all scores
◍ What are the two types of two-sample experimental design studies?.
Answer: Independent and paired
◍ The sum of squares, variance and standard deviation are based on....
Answer: all the scores related to one another
◍ What is an independent samples t-test used for?.
Answer: to assess differences between means from only two groups with
completely independent members. May measure the difference between the
means of 2 scores, 2 groups, or 2 interventions
◍ interval (category + order + equal distance between points) scale.
Answer: contains ordered values that are the same distance apart; does not
have an absolute, meaningful zero; can have negative values
◍ variability.
Answer: the average distance from the mean
◍ statistical hypothesis.
Answer: a claim about a population
◍ Define descriptive statistics.
Answer: Involves analyses that provide a way to summarize and describe
data (e.g. mean, median, mode).
◍ confounding variable.
Answer: an extraneous variable that can explain changes in the dependent
variable instead of the independent variable
◍ ____ are controlled via the alpha level.
Answer: Type I
◍ What are continuous variables? Provide an example..
Answer: Continuous variables can theoretically be broken down into
