CCHT Exam Updated Questions and
Verified Answers,
With rationales 2026\2027 update
This Exam contains:
Guarantee passing score
Questions and Ansẉers
format set of multiple-choice
Expert-Verified rationales
Verified ẉith trusted textbooks
,───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
1. Which of the following is the most common cause of Chronic
Kidney Disease (CKD)?
A) Glomerulonephritis
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Hypertension
Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of CKD, followed
closely by hypertension. High blood sugar damages the nephrons
over time, leading to diabetic nephropathy.
2. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A) Calyx
B) Nephron
C) Glomerulus
D) Pyramid
Answer: B
Rationale: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the
kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. The
glomerulus is a part of the nephron.
3. Which hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell
production?
A) Renin
B) Aldosterone
C) Erythropoietin
D) Calcitriol
Answer: C
,Rationale: Erythropoietin (EPO) is produced by the kidneys in
response to hypoxia and stimulates the bone marrow to produce
red blood cells. CKD patients often lack EPO, causing anemia.
4. Normal adult kidney function filters approximately how much
blood per minute?
A) 50 mL/min
B) 85 mL/min
C) 125 mL/min
D) 200 mL/min
Answer: C
Rationale: The normal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) for a healthy
adult is approximately 125 mL/min, which equals about 180 liters
of plasma filtered per day.
5. The process by which solutes move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration across a
semipermeable membrane is called:
A) Osmosis
B) Diffusion
C) Ultrafiltration
D) Convection
Answer: B
Rationale: Diffusion is the movement of solutes (like urea and
creatinine) down their concentration gradient. Osmosis refers to
water movement, and ultrafiltration/convection involve fluid removal
driven by pressure.
6. Ultrafiltration in hemodialysis is primarily achieved by:
A) Increasing the dialysate flow rate
B) Applying negative pressure or a transmembrane pressure
gradient
C) Increasing the blood flow rate
D) Adding glucose to the dialysate
, Answer: B
Rationale: Ultrafiltration (fluid removal) is achieved by creating a
pressure difference across the dialyzer membrane (Transmembrane
Pressure or TMP), pulling excess fluid from the patient's blood.
7. Which of the following dialyzers is preferred for a patient with a
known severe latex allergy?
A) Cellulose acetate
B) Cuprophan
C) Polysulfone
D) Hemophan
Answer: C
Rationale: Polysulfone is a synthetic membrane that does not use
natural rubber latex in its manufacturing. Cuprophan and cellulose-
based membranes can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive patients.
8. The "dry weight" of a dialysis patient is defined as:
A) The patient's weight before starting dialysis
B) The lowest weight the patient can reach without cramping
C) The weight at which the patient has no excess fluid and no signs
of dehydration
D) The patient's ideal body mass index (BMI) weight
Answer: C
Rationale: Dry weight is the targeted post-dialysis weight where the
patient is at a normal fluid volume without edema or hypertension,
and without symptoms of hypovolemia (like cramping or
hypotension).
9. A patient complains of sudden, severe shortness of breath, chest
pain, and a cough productive of frothy, pink sputum. The technician
should suspect:
A) Air embolism
B) Pulmonary edema
C) Disequilibrium syndrome
Verified Answers,
With rationales 2026\2027 update
This Exam contains:
Guarantee passing score
Questions and Ansẉers
format set of multiple-choice
Expert-Verified rationales
Verified ẉith trusted textbooks
,───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
1. Which of the following is the most common cause of Chronic
Kidney Disease (CKD)?
A) Glomerulonephritis
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Hypertension
Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of CKD, followed
closely by hypertension. High blood sugar damages the nephrons
over time, leading to diabetic nephropathy.
2. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A) Calyx
B) Nephron
C) Glomerulus
D) Pyramid
Answer: B
Rationale: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the
kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. The
glomerulus is a part of the nephron.
3. Which hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell
production?
A) Renin
B) Aldosterone
C) Erythropoietin
D) Calcitriol
Answer: C
,Rationale: Erythropoietin (EPO) is produced by the kidneys in
response to hypoxia and stimulates the bone marrow to produce
red blood cells. CKD patients often lack EPO, causing anemia.
4. Normal adult kidney function filters approximately how much
blood per minute?
A) 50 mL/min
B) 85 mL/min
C) 125 mL/min
D) 200 mL/min
Answer: C
Rationale: The normal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) for a healthy
adult is approximately 125 mL/min, which equals about 180 liters
of plasma filtered per day.
5. The process by which solutes move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration across a
semipermeable membrane is called:
A) Osmosis
B) Diffusion
C) Ultrafiltration
D) Convection
Answer: B
Rationale: Diffusion is the movement of solutes (like urea and
creatinine) down their concentration gradient. Osmosis refers to
water movement, and ultrafiltration/convection involve fluid removal
driven by pressure.
6. Ultrafiltration in hemodialysis is primarily achieved by:
A) Increasing the dialysate flow rate
B) Applying negative pressure or a transmembrane pressure
gradient
C) Increasing the blood flow rate
D) Adding glucose to the dialysate
, Answer: B
Rationale: Ultrafiltration (fluid removal) is achieved by creating a
pressure difference across the dialyzer membrane (Transmembrane
Pressure or TMP), pulling excess fluid from the patient's blood.
7. Which of the following dialyzers is preferred for a patient with a
known severe latex allergy?
A) Cellulose acetate
B) Cuprophan
C) Polysulfone
D) Hemophan
Answer: C
Rationale: Polysulfone is a synthetic membrane that does not use
natural rubber latex in its manufacturing. Cuprophan and cellulose-
based membranes can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive patients.
8. The "dry weight" of a dialysis patient is defined as:
A) The patient's weight before starting dialysis
B) The lowest weight the patient can reach without cramping
C) The weight at which the patient has no excess fluid and no signs
of dehydration
D) The patient's ideal body mass index (BMI) weight
Answer: C
Rationale: Dry weight is the targeted post-dialysis weight where the
patient is at a normal fluid volume without edema or hypertension,
and without symptoms of hypovolemia (like cramping or
hypotension).
9. A patient complains of sudden, severe shortness of breath, chest
pain, and a cough productive of frothy, pink sputum. The technician
should suspect:
A) Air embolism
B) Pulmonary edema
C) Disequilibrium syndrome
