1. What were some of the earliest forms of Healthcare in
Canada: turtle island (Canada)
- Indigenous peoples would provide holistic healthcare, curative midwifery, and education
regarding health and healing
- settlers would receive this care and learn fromf them
2. What did the 17th century of nursing look like?: ;religious orders would
provide healthcare and support the sick
- Grey nuns
a lot to do with social justice
- no divide between community and hospital healthcare and both in rural and urban places
3. What did nursing look like in the 18th and 19th century?:
Nation Building and Nightingale Era
- Canada developed = immigration = new diseases indigenous people were not ready for =
federal laws
- provincial health not federal responsibility with the social unrest and epidemics
- hospitals became centre of healthcare
- Nightingale is founder of nursing (great at epidemiology)
4. What factors have influence the history of
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, nursing: racism patriarchy
healthcare resource competition
gender bias
5. Socio-ecological context: challenges due to epidemics, immigration, inability to
provide basic health
to settlers and Indigenous peoples
nightingale and seacole used the epidemiology, statistics, awareness of environmental factors
and SDoH for health promotion
military nursing: competencies of CHN, population health, prevention, emergency preparedness
and disaster nursing
6. What did the 20th century nursing look like?: 1. hospital: the shift to less
emphasis on SDoH as the funding went there as you can SEE the outcome
2. private-duty
3. public health and home visit (self-employed CHNs, specialized and elite)
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