,1. A 45-year-old patient presents for a routine health visit. Which intervention is most
appropriate for preventing cardiovascular disease?
A. Recommend complete bed rest
B. Encourage regular physical activity and heart-healthy diet
C. Avoid all dietary fats
D. Start antibiotics prophylactically
Answer: B. Encourage regular physical activity and heart-healthy diet
Cardiovascular disease prevention focuses on lifestyle modifications including regular
exercise, healthy nutrition, weight management, smoking cessation, and control of blood
pressure and cholesterol.
2. A patient with type 2 diabetes is taking metformin. Which laboratory value is most
important to monitor?
A. Liver ultrasound
B. Renal function
C. Troponin level
D. Thyroid antibodies
Answer: B. Renal function
Metformin is cleared through the kidneys. Monitoring kidney function helps reduce the risk
of medication-related complications in patients with reduced renal function.
,3. Which finding is most consistent with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
A. HbA1c of 9.5%
B. Fasting glucose of 80 mg/dL
C. Normal urine glucose
D. Low blood pressure
Answer: A. HbA1c of 9.5%
An elevated HbA1c reflects poor long-term glucose control. A value of 9.5% indicates that
average blood glucose levels have been above recommended targets.
4. A patient reports chest pain described as pressure that occurs with exertion and
improves with rest. This is most consistent with:
A. Stable angina
B. Pneumothorax
C. Gastroenteritis
D. Migraine
Answer: A. Stable angina
Stable angina is predictable chest discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart
muscle during exertion and relieved by rest.
5. Which medication class is commonly used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes?
, A. Metformin
B. Opioids
C. Benzodiazepines
D. Antihistamines
Answer: A. Metformin
Metformin is commonly used as initial therapy for type 2 diabetes because it improves
insulin sensitivity and decreases liver glucose production.
6. A patient taking a statin should be monitored for:
A. Muscle pain and liver enzyme abnormalities
B. Increased hearing ability
C. Low thyroid hormone only
D. Vision improvement
Answer: A. Muscle pain and liver enzyme abnormalities
Statins may cause muscle-related adverse effects and changes in liver enzymes. Patients
should report unexplained muscle pain or weakness.
7. Which symptom is commonly associated with hyperthyroidism?
A. Cold intolerance
B. Weight gain and fatigue
appropriate for preventing cardiovascular disease?
A. Recommend complete bed rest
B. Encourage regular physical activity and heart-healthy diet
C. Avoid all dietary fats
D. Start antibiotics prophylactically
Answer: B. Encourage regular physical activity and heart-healthy diet
Cardiovascular disease prevention focuses on lifestyle modifications including regular
exercise, healthy nutrition, weight management, smoking cessation, and control of blood
pressure and cholesterol.
2. A patient with type 2 diabetes is taking metformin. Which laboratory value is most
important to monitor?
A. Liver ultrasound
B. Renal function
C. Troponin level
D. Thyroid antibodies
Answer: B. Renal function
Metformin is cleared through the kidneys. Monitoring kidney function helps reduce the risk
of medication-related complications in patients with reduced renal function.
,3. Which finding is most consistent with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
A. HbA1c of 9.5%
B. Fasting glucose of 80 mg/dL
C. Normal urine glucose
D. Low blood pressure
Answer: A. HbA1c of 9.5%
An elevated HbA1c reflects poor long-term glucose control. A value of 9.5% indicates that
average blood glucose levels have been above recommended targets.
4. A patient reports chest pain described as pressure that occurs with exertion and
improves with rest. This is most consistent with:
A. Stable angina
B. Pneumothorax
C. Gastroenteritis
D. Migraine
Answer: A. Stable angina
Stable angina is predictable chest discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart
muscle during exertion and relieved by rest.
5. Which medication class is commonly used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes?
, A. Metformin
B. Opioids
C. Benzodiazepines
D. Antihistamines
Answer: A. Metformin
Metformin is commonly used as initial therapy for type 2 diabetes because it improves
insulin sensitivity and decreases liver glucose production.
6. A patient taking a statin should be monitored for:
A. Muscle pain and liver enzyme abnormalities
B. Increased hearing ability
C. Low thyroid hormone only
D. Vision improvement
Answer: A. Muscle pain and liver enzyme abnormalities
Statins may cause muscle-related adverse effects and changes in liver enzymes. Patients
should report unexplained muscle pain or weakness.
7. Which symptom is commonly associated with hyperthyroidism?
A. Cold intolerance
B. Weight gain and fatigue
