KPE160: Module 2 Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions |
Latest 2026 Update
Q: Globographic Systems
Answer:
One axis is fixed to the globe's north-to-south-pole axis, rotation of
the distal segment around it results in the distal end of that segment travelling along
"lines of
latitude" on the globe's surface.
One axis is fixed to the distal segment, aligned with its long axis; rotation of the
distal segment
around it does not change the location of its distal end on the surface of the globe, but
causes it
to spin around the segment's axis in that location.
One axis floats between the other axes or segments; rotation of the distal segment
around it
causes its distal end to move along "lines of longitude" on the globe's surface.
Q: Physiologic DoF of Motion
Answer:
A DoF of motion in which significant motion occurs without
injury. Segments are supposed to move this way and do so easily.
,KPE160: Module 2 Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions |
Latest 2026 Update
Q: Non-Physiologic DoF of Motion
Answer:
A DoF of motion in which significant motion cannot occur
without injury to constraints of motion (articulation and links). Results in injury, but
some
motion can occur if little enough.
Q: Accessory DoF of Motion
Answer:
A DoF of motion in which significant independent motion does not
occur, but in which a small amount of motion accompanies physiologic motion in
another DoF.
It is not the main motion, but allows for the motion to occur.
,KPE160: Module 2 Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions |
Latest 2026 Update
Q: Types of Joints
Answer:
Ginglymi, condyloids, saddles, trochoids, enarthroses, and arthrodia (and
complex). Have different shapes of articulations and geometry of links. Constrain
different DoFs
of motion. Classified based on which DoFs are physiologic vs non-physiologic.
Q: Ginglymi (Ginglymus/Hinge) Joints
Answer:
Cylindrical articular surface. 1 rotational DoF orthogonal
to segment axes.
Physiologic DoF: SP rotation (flexion/extension).
Non-Physiologic DoF: CP rotation (varus/valgus), AP rotation (axial rotation),
translation.
, KPE160: Module 2 Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions |
Latest 2026 Update
Q: Condyloids Joints
Answer:
Ovoid ball & socket. Bi-convex/bi-concave articulation. 2 rotational DOFs
orthogonal to segment axes.
Physiologic DoF: SP rotation (flexion/extension), CP rotation (abduction/adduction).
Non-Physiologic DoF: AP rotation (axial rotation), translation.
Q: Saddles Joints
Answer:
1 axis convex, another concave.
Physiologic DoF: SP rotation (flexion/extension), CP rotation (abduction/adduction).
Non-Physiologic DoF: AP rotation (axial rotation), translation.
Latest 2026 Update
Q: Globographic Systems
Answer:
One axis is fixed to the globe's north-to-south-pole axis, rotation of
the distal segment around it results in the distal end of that segment travelling along
"lines of
latitude" on the globe's surface.
One axis is fixed to the distal segment, aligned with its long axis; rotation of the
distal segment
around it does not change the location of its distal end on the surface of the globe, but
causes it
to spin around the segment's axis in that location.
One axis floats between the other axes or segments; rotation of the distal segment
around it
causes its distal end to move along "lines of longitude" on the globe's surface.
Q: Physiologic DoF of Motion
Answer:
A DoF of motion in which significant motion occurs without
injury. Segments are supposed to move this way and do so easily.
,KPE160: Module 2 Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions |
Latest 2026 Update
Q: Non-Physiologic DoF of Motion
Answer:
A DoF of motion in which significant motion cannot occur
without injury to constraints of motion (articulation and links). Results in injury, but
some
motion can occur if little enough.
Q: Accessory DoF of Motion
Answer:
A DoF of motion in which significant independent motion does not
occur, but in which a small amount of motion accompanies physiologic motion in
another DoF.
It is not the main motion, but allows for the motion to occur.
,KPE160: Module 2 Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions |
Latest 2026 Update
Q: Types of Joints
Answer:
Ginglymi, condyloids, saddles, trochoids, enarthroses, and arthrodia (and
complex). Have different shapes of articulations and geometry of links. Constrain
different DoFs
of motion. Classified based on which DoFs are physiologic vs non-physiologic.
Q: Ginglymi (Ginglymus/Hinge) Joints
Answer:
Cylindrical articular surface. 1 rotational DoF orthogonal
to segment axes.
Physiologic DoF: SP rotation (flexion/extension).
Non-Physiologic DoF: CP rotation (varus/valgus), AP rotation (axial rotation),
translation.
, KPE160: Module 2 Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions |
Latest 2026 Update
Q: Condyloids Joints
Answer:
Ovoid ball & socket. Bi-convex/bi-concave articulation. 2 rotational DOFs
orthogonal to segment axes.
Physiologic DoF: SP rotation (flexion/extension), CP rotation (abduction/adduction).
Non-Physiologic DoF: AP rotation (axial rotation), translation.
Q: Saddles Joints
Answer:
1 axis convex, another concave.
Physiologic DoF: SP rotation (flexion/extension), CP rotation (abduction/adduction).
Non-Physiologic DoF: AP rotation (axial rotation), translation.
