Anomie and Strain Theories
Give this one a try later!
o Anomie: the condition in which society provides little moral guidance to
the individual
o Anomie coined by Durkheim and used by Merton to describe
adaptations in behaviour and the interaction between legitimate and
illegitimate means
o Anomie may apply when there are not enough legitimate means to reach
legitimate societal goals
- Occur when a society is in a state of disorder
o Anomie can be applied to the acquisition of wealth and status
- Criminal activity a result of failure to achieve goals and positively valued
stimuli
o Anomie strain theories been used to develop projects to bring stability to
disorganized communities (increasing stability to decrease criminal acts)Y
,Bill C-95
Give this one a try later!
- Organized Crime officially appeared in the Criminal Code of Canada Bill
C-95 which states that a criminal organization is:
1. Composed of 3 or more persons in or outside of Canada
2. Has one of its main purposes or activities the facilitation or commission
of one or more serious offenses
Peter Easton
Give this one a try later!
o Following the end of England's war with Spain, many British officers and
privateers found themselves unemployed
· As a result, many turned to piracy
o One of those was Peter Easton
o When James I began his reign by making peace with Spain, English
privateers were deprived of enemy riches
· Many of them turned to piracy
o His services were secured by the Killigrew family, who financed his trip
back to England and took a cut of the money
Bartholomew "Black Bart" Roberts
Give this one a try later!
, o One of the most successful Welsh pirates whom at the height of his
power had a fleet of four ships and hundreds of pirates
Newfoundland
Give this one a try later!
o Pirates found Newfoundland to be a safe haven in that there was little
fear of being captured since there was no government, no country's or no
military during this time
o What initially drew pirates to Newfoundland was the fish
Changes in Social Order
Give this one a try later!
o Level 3 = bottom (gangs, disorganized crime)
o Level 2 = vice, entrepreneurs
o Level 1 = political machine, patronage
o Changes in social order (flipped) during prohibition
· Changed relationships among different power levels (gangs held the most
power, then political machines, and then vice entrepreneurs)
Criminological Theory
Give this one a try later!
- Help us understand the working of the criminal justice system and the
actors in the system
- Can guide policy making
, - Can be evaluated on a number of criteria (scope, parsimony, testability,
practical usefulness and empirical validity)
Markham Gang
Give this one a try later!
o A few years after the Rebellion, a gang of criminals terrorized the
inhabitants of Ontario called the Markham Gang
o The range of crime was extensive à petty theft to murder
o Gang also involved in the distribution of boodle
· Boodle: counterfeit bills
o Made up of Americans or Native Canadians à were not considered to
have "true" British blood
· Gang members were commoners and came from a lower class
· However, it was revealed that many of the members of the gang were not
exclusively Canadian or American and many of them were British
o Developed a scam in three steps:
1. Steal horses at opposite ends of town and sell them to people on the
other side of the town
2. Thieves would switch places and pose as police agent bringing proof
that the horse they purchased was stolen
3. Return the stolen horse to their original owner and collect a reward
o Gang members took an oath of secrecy and vowed to support each
other in every way possible
o Language used by members of the organization was incomprehensible
by others
o Long impunity allowed them to increase their number and create a state
of intimidation
· Allowed them to avoid punishment
o Privileged class declared that the Markham Gang emerged out of
families that united for the 1837 Rebellion
o Loyalists: successful merchants and business men
o There wasn't any single boss of the Gang but there were ringleaders
among them
o Breakup of the gang occurred in 1846
o Unsure how the Gang came together
o The Four Canadian Highway
Give this one a try later!
o Anomie: the condition in which society provides little moral guidance to
the individual
o Anomie coined by Durkheim and used by Merton to describe
adaptations in behaviour and the interaction between legitimate and
illegitimate means
o Anomie may apply when there are not enough legitimate means to reach
legitimate societal goals
- Occur when a society is in a state of disorder
o Anomie can be applied to the acquisition of wealth and status
- Criminal activity a result of failure to achieve goals and positively valued
stimuli
o Anomie strain theories been used to develop projects to bring stability to
disorganized communities (increasing stability to decrease criminal acts)Y
,Bill C-95
Give this one a try later!
- Organized Crime officially appeared in the Criminal Code of Canada Bill
C-95 which states that a criminal organization is:
1. Composed of 3 or more persons in or outside of Canada
2. Has one of its main purposes or activities the facilitation or commission
of one or more serious offenses
Peter Easton
Give this one a try later!
o Following the end of England's war with Spain, many British officers and
privateers found themselves unemployed
· As a result, many turned to piracy
o One of those was Peter Easton
o When James I began his reign by making peace with Spain, English
privateers were deprived of enemy riches
· Many of them turned to piracy
o His services were secured by the Killigrew family, who financed his trip
back to England and took a cut of the money
Bartholomew "Black Bart" Roberts
Give this one a try later!
, o One of the most successful Welsh pirates whom at the height of his
power had a fleet of four ships and hundreds of pirates
Newfoundland
Give this one a try later!
o Pirates found Newfoundland to be a safe haven in that there was little
fear of being captured since there was no government, no country's or no
military during this time
o What initially drew pirates to Newfoundland was the fish
Changes in Social Order
Give this one a try later!
o Level 3 = bottom (gangs, disorganized crime)
o Level 2 = vice, entrepreneurs
o Level 1 = political machine, patronage
o Changes in social order (flipped) during prohibition
· Changed relationships among different power levels (gangs held the most
power, then political machines, and then vice entrepreneurs)
Criminological Theory
Give this one a try later!
- Help us understand the working of the criminal justice system and the
actors in the system
- Can guide policy making
, - Can be evaluated on a number of criteria (scope, parsimony, testability,
practical usefulness and empirical validity)
Markham Gang
Give this one a try later!
o A few years after the Rebellion, a gang of criminals terrorized the
inhabitants of Ontario called the Markham Gang
o The range of crime was extensive à petty theft to murder
o Gang also involved in the distribution of boodle
· Boodle: counterfeit bills
o Made up of Americans or Native Canadians à were not considered to
have "true" British blood
· Gang members were commoners and came from a lower class
· However, it was revealed that many of the members of the gang were not
exclusively Canadian or American and many of them were British
o Developed a scam in three steps:
1. Steal horses at opposite ends of town and sell them to people on the
other side of the town
2. Thieves would switch places and pose as police agent bringing proof
that the horse they purchased was stolen
3. Return the stolen horse to their original owner and collect a reward
o Gang members took an oath of secrecy and vowed to support each
other in every way possible
o Language used by members of the organization was incomprehensible
by others
o Long impunity allowed them to increase their number and create a state
of intimidation
· Allowed them to avoid punishment
o Privileged class declared that the Markham Gang emerged out of
families that united for the 1837 Rebellion
o Loyalists: successful merchants and business men
o There wasn't any single boss of the Gang but there were ringleaders
among them
o Breakup of the gang occurred in 1846
o Unsure how the Gang came together
o The Four Canadian Highway
