NAMS 2026 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
What is the primary focus of menopause management for healthcare professionals?
To provide safe and effective management of menopause symptoms and mitigate health risks
in postmenopausal years.
Which organizations published guidelines for menopause management?
Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC), International Menopause
Society (IMS), North American Menopause Society (NAMS), and Endocrine Society (ES).
What significant event in 2002 affected the perception of hormone therapy?
The publication of the Women's Health Initiative report, which linked hormone therapy to
increased risks of breast cancer, coronary heart disease, and stroke.
What age group is recommended for initiating hormone therapy in postmenopausal
women?
Women under 60 years of age or less than 10 years past menopause.
What is the most effective treatment for bothersome vasomotor symptoms in
menopausal women?
Hormone therapy (estrogen plus progestogen for women with a uterus, estrogen alone for
women without a uterus).
What are the four FDA-approved indications for hormone therapy according to
NAMS?
Bothersome vasomotor symptoms, prevention of bone loss, hypoestrogenism, and
genitourinary symptoms.
,How should the choice of menopause hormone therapy (MHT) be determined?
It should be individualized based on symptoms, disease prevention needs, personal and
family history, and patient preferences.
What is the recommended approach to dosing for MHT?
The appropriate dose minimizes risk while providing benefit, with lower doses recommended
for older women.
What should be considered when determining the duration of MHT?
Individual symptom control, quality of life, and personal risk factors for cancer and
cardiovascular disease.
What is the recommendation for women who undergo early menopause?
They should be advised to use hormone therapy until the average age of menopause.
What percentage of women experience vasomotor symptoms (VMS) during
menopause?
60-80% of women.
What physiological changes are associated with vasomotor symptoms?
Initial vasodilatation followed by vasoconstriction.
What are common effects of VMS on women's health?
Diminished sleep quality, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and reduced quality of life.
What is the current standard therapy for reducing VMS?
Menopausal hormone therapy (systemic estrogen with appropriate endometrial protection).
What alternatives exist for women with contraindications to hormone therapy?
, SSRIs/SNRIs, gabapentinoids, or clonidine may reduce VMS.
What happens to vasomotor symptoms after discontinuation of MHT?
They return in approximately 50% of women, regardless of the duration of MHT use.
What factors may influence the risk of depression during menopause?
Presence and severity of VMS, stressful life events, sleep problems, and history of
reproductive-related mood sensitivity.
Is there sufficient evidence to support the use of MHT for treating depression?
No, there is currently insufficient evidence to support MHT as an adjunct in depression
treatment.
What cognitive symptoms are common during midlife?
Forgetfulness, trouble concentrating, and other mild cognitive symptoms.
What did large RCTs show about MHT's effect on cognitive function when initiated
early postmenopause?
They showed neutral effects.
What association was found regarding early initiation of MHT?
It is associated with a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
What cognitive risk is associated with MHT initiation after age 65?
Impairment in memory and increased risk of dementia.
What causes postmenopausal osteoporosis?
Failure to attain peak bone density, accelerated bone loss after menopause, and age-related
bone loss.
Answers
What is the primary focus of menopause management for healthcare professionals?
To provide safe and effective management of menopause symptoms and mitigate health risks
in postmenopausal years.
Which organizations published guidelines for menopause management?
Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC), International Menopause
Society (IMS), North American Menopause Society (NAMS), and Endocrine Society (ES).
What significant event in 2002 affected the perception of hormone therapy?
The publication of the Women's Health Initiative report, which linked hormone therapy to
increased risks of breast cancer, coronary heart disease, and stroke.
What age group is recommended for initiating hormone therapy in postmenopausal
women?
Women under 60 years of age or less than 10 years past menopause.
What is the most effective treatment for bothersome vasomotor symptoms in
menopausal women?
Hormone therapy (estrogen plus progestogen for women with a uterus, estrogen alone for
women without a uterus).
What are the four FDA-approved indications for hormone therapy according to
NAMS?
Bothersome vasomotor symptoms, prevention of bone loss, hypoestrogenism, and
genitourinary symptoms.
,How should the choice of menopause hormone therapy (MHT) be determined?
It should be individualized based on symptoms, disease prevention needs, personal and
family history, and patient preferences.
What is the recommended approach to dosing for MHT?
The appropriate dose minimizes risk while providing benefit, with lower doses recommended
for older women.
What should be considered when determining the duration of MHT?
Individual symptom control, quality of life, and personal risk factors for cancer and
cardiovascular disease.
What is the recommendation for women who undergo early menopause?
They should be advised to use hormone therapy until the average age of menopause.
What percentage of women experience vasomotor symptoms (VMS) during
menopause?
60-80% of women.
What physiological changes are associated with vasomotor symptoms?
Initial vasodilatation followed by vasoconstriction.
What are common effects of VMS on women's health?
Diminished sleep quality, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and reduced quality of life.
What is the current standard therapy for reducing VMS?
Menopausal hormone therapy (systemic estrogen with appropriate endometrial protection).
What alternatives exist for women with contraindications to hormone therapy?
, SSRIs/SNRIs, gabapentinoids, or clonidine may reduce VMS.
What happens to vasomotor symptoms after discontinuation of MHT?
They return in approximately 50% of women, regardless of the duration of MHT use.
What factors may influence the risk of depression during menopause?
Presence and severity of VMS, stressful life events, sleep problems, and history of
reproductive-related mood sensitivity.
Is there sufficient evidence to support the use of MHT for treating depression?
No, there is currently insufficient evidence to support MHT as an adjunct in depression
treatment.
What cognitive symptoms are common during midlife?
Forgetfulness, trouble concentrating, and other mild cognitive symptoms.
What did large RCTs show about MHT's effect on cognitive function when initiated
early postmenopause?
They showed neutral effects.
What association was found regarding early initiation of MHT?
It is associated with a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
What cognitive risk is associated with MHT initiation after age 65?
Impairment in memory and increased risk of dementia.
What causes postmenopausal osteoporosis?
Failure to attain peak bone density, accelerated bone loss after menopause, and age-related
bone loss.
