Anatomy & Physiology for Speech, Language,
and Hearing
7th Edition
• Author(s)J. Anthony Seikel, David G.
Drumright, Daniel J. Hudock
TEST BANK
Chapter 11. Neuroanatomy
Overview
Sense, Sensor, and Stimulation
Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems
Development Divisions
Anatomy of the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Neurons……..
,
,Question 1
Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin
sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
A. Astrocyte
B. Oligodendrocyte
C. Schwann cell
D. Microglia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Schwann cells produce the myelin sheath in the PNS,
enabling rapid conduction of nerve impulses along peripheral
nerves. Option A (astrocytes) is incorrect because astrocytes are
CNS glia involved in metabolic support, not myelination. Option
B (oligodendrocytes) is incorrect because oligodendrocytes
form myelin in the CNS, not the PNS. Option D (microglia) is
incorrect because microglia serve immune functions in the CNS
and do not form myelin. Understanding the difference is
important because diseases that damage Schwann cells (e.g.,
Guillain-Barré syndrome) can disrupt peripheral nerve function
affecting speech muscle control, whereas damage to
oligodendrocytes (e.g., multiple sclerosis) affects central
pathways.
Question 2
Which statement correctly characterizes the somatic nervous
, system?
A. It controls smooth muscle and gland activity.
B. It mediates voluntary control of skeletal muscles.
C. It consists exclusively of autonomic ganglia.
D. It operates only via two-neuron pathways.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary
movements of skeletal muscles, including muscles used for
speech and breathing. Option A is incorrect because control of
smooth muscle and glands is the role of the autonomic nervous
system (ANS), not the somatic system. Option C is incorrect
because autonomic ganglia are part of the ANS; the somatic
system primarily consists of motor neurons directly innervating
skeletal muscle. Option D is incorrect because two-neuron
pathways characterize the ANS (preganglionic and
postganglionic neurons); the somatic system uses a single
motor neuron from the spinal cord to the muscle. Recognizing
this distinction is vital for understanding disorders: for example,
voluntary speech articulators are under somatic control, while
heart rate or digestion are autonomically controlled.
Question 3
In neuroanatomy, a ganglion refers to:
A. A region of cerebral cortex.
B. A bundle of nerve axons.
and Hearing
7th Edition
• Author(s)J. Anthony Seikel, David G.
Drumright, Daniel J. Hudock
TEST BANK
Chapter 11. Neuroanatomy
Overview
Sense, Sensor, and Stimulation
Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems
Development Divisions
Anatomy of the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Neurons……..
,
,Question 1
Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin
sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
A. Astrocyte
B. Oligodendrocyte
C. Schwann cell
D. Microglia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Schwann cells produce the myelin sheath in the PNS,
enabling rapid conduction of nerve impulses along peripheral
nerves. Option A (astrocytes) is incorrect because astrocytes are
CNS glia involved in metabolic support, not myelination. Option
B (oligodendrocytes) is incorrect because oligodendrocytes
form myelin in the CNS, not the PNS. Option D (microglia) is
incorrect because microglia serve immune functions in the CNS
and do not form myelin. Understanding the difference is
important because diseases that damage Schwann cells (e.g.,
Guillain-Barré syndrome) can disrupt peripheral nerve function
affecting speech muscle control, whereas damage to
oligodendrocytes (e.g., multiple sclerosis) affects central
pathways.
Question 2
Which statement correctly characterizes the somatic nervous
, system?
A. It controls smooth muscle and gland activity.
B. It mediates voluntary control of skeletal muscles.
C. It consists exclusively of autonomic ganglia.
D. It operates only via two-neuron pathways.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary
movements of skeletal muscles, including muscles used for
speech and breathing. Option A is incorrect because control of
smooth muscle and glands is the role of the autonomic nervous
system (ANS), not the somatic system. Option C is incorrect
because autonomic ganglia are part of the ANS; the somatic
system primarily consists of motor neurons directly innervating
skeletal muscle. Option D is incorrect because two-neuron
pathways characterize the ANS (preganglionic and
postganglionic neurons); the somatic system uses a single
motor neuron from the spinal cord to the muscle. Recognizing
this distinction is vital for understanding disorders: for example,
voluntary speech articulators are under somatic control, while
heart rate or digestion are autonomically controlled.
Question 3
In neuroanatomy, a ganglion refers to:
A. A region of cerebral cortex.
B. A bundle of nerve axons.
