UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND URI NUR
243 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
NURSING STUDY GUIDE
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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,What are some examples of P-glycoprotein? Liver : Transports drug into bile for elimination
Kidneys : Transports drug into urine for excretion
Brain : Pumps drug into blood to limit its access to the brain
Placenta : Transports drugs back into maternal blood
What is the therapeutic index? Ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose
What is true about the therapeutic index of a drug? The larger and higher the index, the safer the drug
How do drugs bind? They can form reversible bonds with proteins
What is the most abundant and important protein and why? Albumin : a large molecule that always remains in the bloodstream --> affects drug
distribution
Drugs entering cells Some drugs must enter cells to reach their site of action
What do most drugs have to go through to enter cells? Metabolism and excretion
How do many drugs produce their effects? By binding with receptors on the external surface of the cell membrane (these do NOT
need to cross the membrane to act)
When are patients at risk for hepatotoxicity? When they are taking drugs (usually multiple) that metabolize in the liver
What are important levels to check for hepatotoxicity? AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) and ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
What are the most common organs for drug toxicity? Kidney and liver
What should be done to monitor liver function? Liver function tests
What should be done to monitor kidney function? Routine urinalysis and serum creatinine levels (periodic creatinine clearance testing)
What are the 6 rights of medication administration? Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right patient
Right time
Right documentation
, What are some additional rights that are important? Right administration
Right evaluation
Right of patient to education
Right of refusal
What things should be taught during patient education in Medication name : brand and generic
regard to drugs? Dose : based on the at home formulation
Time : specific schedule of meds (taken w/ or w/o food?)
Route : administration techniques if not PO
Duration of treatment
Expected therapeutic response
When response is expected to occur
Side effects and adverse effects to watch for
Drug-drug and drug-food interactions
What levels are important to be maintained to achieve Plasma drug levels
therapeutic range?
What is a drugs half life? Time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%
What does the half life of a drug determine? Dosing interval
Process by which plateau drug levels are achieved
What is a loading dose? Initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of treatment to RAPIDLY
achieve a therapeutic level
What are important factors of loading dose? Minimum amount of drug used
Maximum response a drug can have
What does a loading dose tell us? How much to adjust dosing to produce desired response
As the dosage of a loading dose increases, what happens? The response become progressively larger
Naloxone drug interactions -Opioid agent
-Attaches to opioid receptors and reverses/blocks the effects of other opioids
What drug is at high risk of toxicity? Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - because a lot of other drugs have acetaminophen as an
ingredient
243 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
NURSING STUDY GUIDE
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep
,What are some examples of P-glycoprotein? Liver : Transports drug into bile for elimination
Kidneys : Transports drug into urine for excretion
Brain : Pumps drug into blood to limit its access to the brain
Placenta : Transports drugs back into maternal blood
What is the therapeutic index? Ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose
What is true about the therapeutic index of a drug? The larger and higher the index, the safer the drug
How do drugs bind? They can form reversible bonds with proteins
What is the most abundant and important protein and why? Albumin : a large molecule that always remains in the bloodstream --> affects drug
distribution
Drugs entering cells Some drugs must enter cells to reach their site of action
What do most drugs have to go through to enter cells? Metabolism and excretion
How do many drugs produce their effects? By binding with receptors on the external surface of the cell membrane (these do NOT
need to cross the membrane to act)
When are patients at risk for hepatotoxicity? When they are taking drugs (usually multiple) that metabolize in the liver
What are important levels to check for hepatotoxicity? AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) and ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
What are the most common organs for drug toxicity? Kidney and liver
What should be done to monitor liver function? Liver function tests
What should be done to monitor kidney function? Routine urinalysis and serum creatinine levels (periodic creatinine clearance testing)
What are the 6 rights of medication administration? Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right patient
Right time
Right documentation
, What are some additional rights that are important? Right administration
Right evaluation
Right of patient to education
Right of refusal
What things should be taught during patient education in Medication name : brand and generic
regard to drugs? Dose : based on the at home formulation
Time : specific schedule of meds (taken w/ or w/o food?)
Route : administration techniques if not PO
Duration of treatment
Expected therapeutic response
When response is expected to occur
Side effects and adverse effects to watch for
Drug-drug and drug-food interactions
What levels are important to be maintained to achieve Plasma drug levels
therapeutic range?
What is a drugs half life? Time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%
What does the half life of a drug determine? Dosing interval
Process by which plateau drug levels are achieved
What is a loading dose? Initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of treatment to RAPIDLY
achieve a therapeutic level
What are important factors of loading dose? Minimum amount of drug used
Maximum response a drug can have
What does a loading dose tell us? How much to adjust dosing to produce desired response
As the dosage of a loading dose increases, what happens? The response become progressively larger
Naloxone drug interactions -Opioid agent
-Attaches to opioid receptors and reverses/blocks the effects of other opioids
What drug is at high risk of toxicity? Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - because a lot of other drugs have acetaminophen as an
ingredient
