Anatomy & Physiology for Speech, Language,
and Hearing
7th Edition
• Author(s)J. Anthony Seikel, David G.
Drumright, Daniel J. Hudock
TEST BANK
Chapter 11. Neuroanatomy
Overview
Sense, Sensor, and Stimulation
Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems
Development Divisions
Anatomy of the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Neurons……..
,
,Question 1
Which of the following structures is part of the peripheral
nervous system (PNS)?
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Brainstem
C. Cranial nerves
D. Thalamus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The peripheral nervous system includes all neural structures
outside the brain and spinal cord, namely the cranial and spinal
nerves. Cranial nerves (and their associated ganglia) are
therefore part of the PNS (Correct). The cerebral cortex,
brainstem, and thalamus are all components of the central
nervous system (CNS) and are not PNS structures. Option A
(cerebral cortex) is part of the CNS and is incorrect. Option B
(brainstem) is also CNS. Option D (thalamus) is deep CNS
(diencephalon) and thus incorrect. Only Option C, the cranial
nerves, represents PNS elements.
Question 2
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of autonomic
(visceral) efferent pathways compared to somatic efferent
pathways?
, A. They involve a two-neuron chain (preganglionic and
postganglionic neurons).
B. They innervate skeletal muscle fibers.
C. They relay in the dorsal root ganglia.
D. They require input through cranial nerves only.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Autonomic efferent (motor) pathways use a two-neuron chain:
a preganglionic neuron from the CNS synapses onto a
postganglionic neuron in a peripheral ganglion, which then
innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands. This two-
neuron arrangement is characteristic of the autonomic (Option
A, correct). Option B is incorrect because somatic pathways
innervate skeletal muscle, not autonomic. Option C is false
because dorsal root ganglia contain sensory (afferent) neuron
cell bodies, not autonomic ganglia. Option D is incorrect:
autonomic output can exit through both cranial nerves (e.g.,
vagus nerve) and spinal nerves (sympathetic chain), so it is not
limited to cranial nerves. Only Option A accurately describes the
autonomic system’s two-neuron pathway, distinguishing it from
the single-neuron somatic pathway.
Question 3
A dendrite, an axon, an axon hillock, and the cell body are all
and Hearing
7th Edition
• Author(s)J. Anthony Seikel, David G.
Drumright, Daniel J. Hudock
TEST BANK
Chapter 11. Neuroanatomy
Overview
Sense, Sensor, and Stimulation
Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems
Development Divisions
Anatomy of the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Neurons……..
,
,Question 1
Which of the following structures is part of the peripheral
nervous system (PNS)?
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Brainstem
C. Cranial nerves
D. Thalamus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The peripheral nervous system includes all neural structures
outside the brain and spinal cord, namely the cranial and spinal
nerves. Cranial nerves (and their associated ganglia) are
therefore part of the PNS (Correct). The cerebral cortex,
brainstem, and thalamus are all components of the central
nervous system (CNS) and are not PNS structures. Option A
(cerebral cortex) is part of the CNS and is incorrect. Option B
(brainstem) is also CNS. Option D (thalamus) is deep CNS
(diencephalon) and thus incorrect. Only Option C, the cranial
nerves, represents PNS elements.
Question 2
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of autonomic
(visceral) efferent pathways compared to somatic efferent
pathways?
, A. They involve a two-neuron chain (preganglionic and
postganglionic neurons).
B. They innervate skeletal muscle fibers.
C. They relay in the dorsal root ganglia.
D. They require input through cranial nerves only.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Autonomic efferent (motor) pathways use a two-neuron chain:
a preganglionic neuron from the CNS synapses onto a
postganglionic neuron in a peripheral ganglion, which then
innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands. This two-
neuron arrangement is characteristic of the autonomic (Option
A, correct). Option B is incorrect because somatic pathways
innervate skeletal muscle, not autonomic. Option C is false
because dorsal root ganglia contain sensory (afferent) neuron
cell bodies, not autonomic ganglia. Option D is incorrect:
autonomic output can exit through both cranial nerves (e.g.,
vagus nerve) and spinal nerves (sympathetic chain), so it is not
limited to cranial nerves. Only Option A accurately describes the
autonomic system’s two-neuron pathway, distinguishing it from
the single-neuron somatic pathway.
Question 3
A dendrite, an axon, an axon hillock, and the cell body are all
