NUR 676 UNIT 1 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CCORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
What is otitis externa? - Answers An infection of the external auditory canal, often associated with
pain, itching, and drainage.
What are common risk factors for otitis externa? - Answers Warmer months, high humidity, and
exposure to water (e.g., swimming).
What are the common symptoms of acute otitis media? - Answers Otalgia, fever, irritability, and
decreased appetite, especially in children.
What is the first-line treatment for acute otitis media? - Answers Amoxicillin.
What is the difference between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion? - Answers Acute
otitis media involves inflammation and infection, while otitis media with effusion involves fluid
accumulation without acute inflammation.
What is the classic presentation of appendicitis? - Answers Pain starting in the epigastric region,
migrating to the right lower quadrant, accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
What is the diagnostic test for suspected appendicitis? - Answers CT scan or ultrasound.
What are the symptoms of acute cholecystitis? - Answers RUQ pain, fever, and nausea, often after
eating fatty meals.
What is the management for acute pancreatitis? - Answers Hospitalization for fluid resuscitation, pain
management, and monitoring.
What are the symptoms of diverticulitis? - Answers LLQ pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits.
What is the treatment for mild diverticulitis? - Answers Oral antibiotics and a low-fiber diet.
What are the symptoms of peptic ulcers? - Answers Epigastric pain, often relieved by food or
antacids.
What is the first-line treatment for H. pylori infection? - Answers A combination of antibiotics and
proton pump inhibitors.
What is the primary symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? - Answers Intermittent abdominal
pain associated with changes in bowel habits.
What dietary modifications are recommended for IBS? - Answers FODMAP diet, increased fiber
intake, and avoidance of trigger foods.
What are the common causes of infectious diarrhea? - Answers Giardia, Campylobacter, C. diff, E.
coli, Salmonella, and Shigella.
What is the management for non-inflammatory diarrhea? - Answers Rehydration and symptomatic
treatment; antibiotics are not typically needed.
What is the typical presentation of inflammatory diarrhea? - Answers Frequent, bloody stools with
abdominal cramps and fever.
What are the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? - Answers Heartburn,
regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing.
What is the first-line treatment for GERD? - Answers Lifestyle modifications and proton pump
inhibitors.
What are the signs of a perforated peptic ulcer? - Answers Sudden severe abdominal pain, rigidity,
and rebound tenderness.
What is the management for a suspected perforated ulcer? - Answers Immediate surgical
intervention.
What are the common symptoms of gastritis? - Answers Nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain.
What is the treatment for gastritis? - Answers Avoidance of irritants, antacids, and proton pump
inhibitors.
What is the role of antibiotics in treating diverticulitis? - Answers Used for moderate to severe cases
or when complications arise.
What are the symptoms of chronic pancreatitis? - Answers Persistent abdominal pain, weight loss,
and steatorrhea.
What is the management for chronic pancreatitis? - Answers Pain management, dietary
modifications, and enzyme replacement therapy.
What are the common diagnostic tests for suspected appendicitis? - Answers CBC, urinalysis, and
imaging (CT or ultrasound).
What is the typical course of treatment for acute otitis media in children? - Answers Observation or
antibiotics depending on severity and age.
, What is the management for chronic otitis media? - Answers May require tympanostomy tubes and
regular monitoring.
What are the signs of dehydration in a child with diarrhea? - Answers Dry mouth, decreased urine
output, and lethargy.
What are the risk factors for otitis externa? - Answers Occurs more in warmer months and in regions
with high humidity, exposure to water (swimming).
What are the common symptoms of otitis externa? - Answers Pain of affected ear and auricle, feeling
of fullness, itching, drainage, hearing loss.
What is the management for otitis externa? - Answers Topical antibiotics (e.g., fluoroquinolones),
NSAIDs, removal of debris, and antifungal treatments.
What is acute otitis media? - Answers Inflammation and/or infection of the middle ear with fluid,
characterized by rapid onset and short duration.
What are the symptoms of acute otitis media in children? - Answers Otalgia, fever, irritability,
vomiting, and decreased appetite.
What is chronic otitis media with effusion? - Answers Accumulation of serous fluid in the middle ear
without acute inflammation, often associated with hearing impairment.
What is the McBurney point? - Answers The point of maximal tenderness in appendicitis, located
between the umbilicus and RLQ.
What is the management for suspected appendicitis? - Answers Immediate referral for surgical
evaluation.
What is the diagnostic test for cholecystitis? - Answers Ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis.
What are the signs of pancreatitis? - Answers Sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, often radiating
to the back, with nausea and vomiting.
What is the typical presentation of diverticulitis? - Answers LLQ pain, fever, leukocytosis, and possible
changes in bowel habits.
What is the first-line treatment for diverticulitis? - Answers Short-term low-fiber diet and antibiotics.
What is the management for peptic ulcers? - Answers Discontinue NSAIDs, use H2 receptor
antagonists or PPIs, and treat H. pylori if present.
What are the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? - Answers Abdominal pain, changes in
bowel habits, and often relief after defecation.
What is the treatment for inflammatory diarrhea caused by Shigella? - Answers Antibiotics such as
ciprofloxacin or azithromycin.
What is the common presentation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? - Answers Heartburn,
regurgitation, and discomfort after meals.
What lifestyle modifications are recommended for GERD? - Answers Elevating the head of the bed,
avoiding trigger foods, and not lying down after meals.
What are the common diagnostic tests for GERD? - Answers EGD, ambulatory pH testing, and
esophageal manometry.
What is the management for gastritis? - Answers Avoid irritants, use antacids, and consider H2
blockers or PPIs.
What is the primary pathogen associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea? - Answers C. diff
(Clostridium difficile)
What are common symptomatic relief options for diarrhea management? - Answers Pepto Bismol,
scopolamine, atropine sulfate, phenobarbital
What should not be taken with Pepto Bismol? - Answers Antibiotics (ATB)
What conditions warrant antibiotic treatment in diarrhea cases? - Answers Presence of fecal
leukocytes without confirmed positive stool culture, occult blood, fever, profuse watery diarrhea (6+
stools per day), dehydration, symptoms for more than 1 week, immunocompromised status, or
hospitalization.
What are the most common causative organisms of bacterial diarrhea? - Answers Salmonella,
Shigella, and Campylobacter
What antibiotics are used for Salmonella or Shigella infections? - Answers Ciprofloxacin or
Norfloxacin
What is the first-line treatment for severe dehydration due to diarrhea? - Answers IV fluids and
electrolyte therapy (e.g., Pedialyte)
What are the symptoms of upper respiratory infections (URIs)? - Answers Cough, sore throat, runny
nose, nasal congestion, headache, fever, facial pressure, sneezing, malaise, myalgias.
What is otitis externa? - Answers An infection of the external auditory canal, often associated with
pain, itching, and drainage.
What are common risk factors for otitis externa? - Answers Warmer months, high humidity, and
exposure to water (e.g., swimming).
What are the common symptoms of acute otitis media? - Answers Otalgia, fever, irritability, and
decreased appetite, especially in children.
What is the first-line treatment for acute otitis media? - Answers Amoxicillin.
What is the difference between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion? - Answers Acute
otitis media involves inflammation and infection, while otitis media with effusion involves fluid
accumulation without acute inflammation.
What is the classic presentation of appendicitis? - Answers Pain starting in the epigastric region,
migrating to the right lower quadrant, accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
What is the diagnostic test for suspected appendicitis? - Answers CT scan or ultrasound.
What are the symptoms of acute cholecystitis? - Answers RUQ pain, fever, and nausea, often after
eating fatty meals.
What is the management for acute pancreatitis? - Answers Hospitalization for fluid resuscitation, pain
management, and monitoring.
What are the symptoms of diverticulitis? - Answers LLQ pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits.
What is the treatment for mild diverticulitis? - Answers Oral antibiotics and a low-fiber diet.
What are the symptoms of peptic ulcers? - Answers Epigastric pain, often relieved by food or
antacids.
What is the first-line treatment for H. pylori infection? - Answers A combination of antibiotics and
proton pump inhibitors.
What is the primary symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? - Answers Intermittent abdominal
pain associated with changes in bowel habits.
What dietary modifications are recommended for IBS? - Answers FODMAP diet, increased fiber
intake, and avoidance of trigger foods.
What are the common causes of infectious diarrhea? - Answers Giardia, Campylobacter, C. diff, E.
coli, Salmonella, and Shigella.
What is the management for non-inflammatory diarrhea? - Answers Rehydration and symptomatic
treatment; antibiotics are not typically needed.
What is the typical presentation of inflammatory diarrhea? - Answers Frequent, bloody stools with
abdominal cramps and fever.
What are the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? - Answers Heartburn,
regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing.
What is the first-line treatment for GERD? - Answers Lifestyle modifications and proton pump
inhibitors.
What are the signs of a perforated peptic ulcer? - Answers Sudden severe abdominal pain, rigidity,
and rebound tenderness.
What is the management for a suspected perforated ulcer? - Answers Immediate surgical
intervention.
What are the common symptoms of gastritis? - Answers Nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain.
What is the treatment for gastritis? - Answers Avoidance of irritants, antacids, and proton pump
inhibitors.
What is the role of antibiotics in treating diverticulitis? - Answers Used for moderate to severe cases
or when complications arise.
What are the symptoms of chronic pancreatitis? - Answers Persistent abdominal pain, weight loss,
and steatorrhea.
What is the management for chronic pancreatitis? - Answers Pain management, dietary
modifications, and enzyme replacement therapy.
What are the common diagnostic tests for suspected appendicitis? - Answers CBC, urinalysis, and
imaging (CT or ultrasound).
What is the typical course of treatment for acute otitis media in children? - Answers Observation or
antibiotics depending on severity and age.
, What is the management for chronic otitis media? - Answers May require tympanostomy tubes and
regular monitoring.
What are the signs of dehydration in a child with diarrhea? - Answers Dry mouth, decreased urine
output, and lethargy.
What are the risk factors for otitis externa? - Answers Occurs more in warmer months and in regions
with high humidity, exposure to water (swimming).
What are the common symptoms of otitis externa? - Answers Pain of affected ear and auricle, feeling
of fullness, itching, drainage, hearing loss.
What is the management for otitis externa? - Answers Topical antibiotics (e.g., fluoroquinolones),
NSAIDs, removal of debris, and antifungal treatments.
What is acute otitis media? - Answers Inflammation and/or infection of the middle ear with fluid,
characterized by rapid onset and short duration.
What are the symptoms of acute otitis media in children? - Answers Otalgia, fever, irritability,
vomiting, and decreased appetite.
What is chronic otitis media with effusion? - Answers Accumulation of serous fluid in the middle ear
without acute inflammation, often associated with hearing impairment.
What is the McBurney point? - Answers The point of maximal tenderness in appendicitis, located
between the umbilicus and RLQ.
What is the management for suspected appendicitis? - Answers Immediate referral for surgical
evaluation.
What is the diagnostic test for cholecystitis? - Answers Ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis.
What are the signs of pancreatitis? - Answers Sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, often radiating
to the back, with nausea and vomiting.
What is the typical presentation of diverticulitis? - Answers LLQ pain, fever, leukocytosis, and possible
changes in bowel habits.
What is the first-line treatment for diverticulitis? - Answers Short-term low-fiber diet and antibiotics.
What is the management for peptic ulcers? - Answers Discontinue NSAIDs, use H2 receptor
antagonists or PPIs, and treat H. pylori if present.
What are the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? - Answers Abdominal pain, changes in
bowel habits, and often relief after defecation.
What is the treatment for inflammatory diarrhea caused by Shigella? - Answers Antibiotics such as
ciprofloxacin or azithromycin.
What is the common presentation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? - Answers Heartburn,
regurgitation, and discomfort after meals.
What lifestyle modifications are recommended for GERD? - Answers Elevating the head of the bed,
avoiding trigger foods, and not lying down after meals.
What are the common diagnostic tests for GERD? - Answers EGD, ambulatory pH testing, and
esophageal manometry.
What is the management for gastritis? - Answers Avoid irritants, use antacids, and consider H2
blockers or PPIs.
What is the primary pathogen associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea? - Answers C. diff
(Clostridium difficile)
What are common symptomatic relief options for diarrhea management? - Answers Pepto Bismol,
scopolamine, atropine sulfate, phenobarbital
What should not be taken with Pepto Bismol? - Answers Antibiotics (ATB)
What conditions warrant antibiotic treatment in diarrhea cases? - Answers Presence of fecal
leukocytes without confirmed positive stool culture, occult blood, fever, profuse watery diarrhea (6+
stools per day), dehydration, symptoms for more than 1 week, immunocompromised status, or
hospitalization.
What are the most common causative organisms of bacterial diarrhea? - Answers Salmonella,
Shigella, and Campylobacter
What antibiotics are used for Salmonella or Shigella infections? - Answers Ciprofloxacin or
Norfloxacin
What is the first-line treatment for severe dehydration due to diarrhea? - Answers IV fluids and
electrolyte therapy (e.g., Pedialyte)
What are the symptoms of upper respiratory infections (URIs)? - Answers Cough, sore throat, runny
nose, nasal congestion, headache, fever, facial pressure, sneezing, malaise, myalgias.
