BIOD 331 Pathophysiology Module 3 Exam Review Questions and 100% Correct
Answers 2026/27 Update – Portage Learning
Question 1
pts
What is innate immunity?
Your Answer:
Innate immunity is also known as natural immunity, it is already in line and exists even without an
infection in place, functions at the immediate point of infection. Innate immunity is able to distinguish
between foreign objects and itself but can not distinguish between different foreign agents.
Innate immunity, also called natural immunity, is the first line of defense. This type of defense is
in place before an infection takes place and can function immediately. It is comprised of physical,
chemical, cellular, and molecular defenses.
Question 2
pts
How does the skin act as a physical barrier?
Your Answer:
The skin acts as physical barrier by creating a salty acidic environment through the presence of keratin
that microbes cannot grow on. It also has closely packed cells growing in many layers that are always
being replaced.
The skin’s design makes it a strong physical barrier. It has closely packed cells in multiple layers
that are continuously being shed. Keratin covers the skin, which creates a salty, acidic
environment inhospitable to microbes. It also contains antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes that
inhibit microorganisms and help to destroy them.
BIOD 331 Pathophysiology Module 3 Exam
, Question 3
pts
What cells are involved in innate immunity?
Your Answer:
dendritic cells, neutrophils, machrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes
The cells responsible for this response include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC),
natural killer (NK) cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Question 4
pts
Describe each type of leukocyte and explain their function:
Your Answer:
Leukocytes:
2 groups:
1. Granulocytes: leukocytes that contain granules
1a. Neutrophils: Most abundant WBC in the body, early response in innate immunity. Use phagocytosis
to kill microbes
1b. Eosinophils: 1-4% of WBC's, become active in parasitic infections and allergic responses.
1c. Basophils: <1% of WBC's, release histamine and proteolytic enzymes play a role in allergi and
parasitic infections
2. Agranulocytes: leukocytes that lack granules
2a. Monocytes: 3-7% of WBC's, largest size of WBCs, released from bone marrow, mature into
macrophages and dendritic cells. Engage in inflammatory response, phagocytosing foreign
substances/debris
2b. Macrophages: Have longer lifespan, reside in the tissues, the first phagocyte on site, work with
neutrophils
2c. Dendritic Cells (DC): Found as immature cells, capture foreign agents and transfer them to lymphoid
nodes. Key antigen-presenting cells (APC's) capable of initiating adaptive immunity
2d. Natural killer (NK) cells and intraepithelial cells: spontaneously kill target organisms without previous
antigen exposure, produce cytokines
BIOD 331 Pathophysiology Module 3 Exam
Answers 2026/27 Update – Portage Learning
Question 1
pts
What is innate immunity?
Your Answer:
Innate immunity is also known as natural immunity, it is already in line and exists even without an
infection in place, functions at the immediate point of infection. Innate immunity is able to distinguish
between foreign objects and itself but can not distinguish between different foreign agents.
Innate immunity, also called natural immunity, is the first line of defense. This type of defense is
in place before an infection takes place and can function immediately. It is comprised of physical,
chemical, cellular, and molecular defenses.
Question 2
pts
How does the skin act as a physical barrier?
Your Answer:
The skin acts as physical barrier by creating a salty acidic environment through the presence of keratin
that microbes cannot grow on. It also has closely packed cells growing in many layers that are always
being replaced.
The skin’s design makes it a strong physical barrier. It has closely packed cells in multiple layers
that are continuously being shed. Keratin covers the skin, which creates a salty, acidic
environment inhospitable to microbes. It also contains antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes that
inhibit microorganisms and help to destroy them.
BIOD 331 Pathophysiology Module 3 Exam
, Question 3
pts
What cells are involved in innate immunity?
Your Answer:
dendritic cells, neutrophils, machrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes
The cells responsible for this response include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC),
natural killer (NK) cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Question 4
pts
Describe each type of leukocyte and explain their function:
Your Answer:
Leukocytes:
2 groups:
1. Granulocytes: leukocytes that contain granules
1a. Neutrophils: Most abundant WBC in the body, early response in innate immunity. Use phagocytosis
to kill microbes
1b. Eosinophils: 1-4% of WBC's, become active in parasitic infections and allergic responses.
1c. Basophils: <1% of WBC's, release histamine and proteolytic enzymes play a role in allergi and
parasitic infections
2. Agranulocytes: leukocytes that lack granules
2a. Monocytes: 3-7% of WBC's, largest size of WBCs, released from bone marrow, mature into
macrophages and dendritic cells. Engage in inflammatory response, phagocytosing foreign
substances/debris
2b. Macrophages: Have longer lifespan, reside in the tissues, the first phagocyte on site, work with
neutrophils
2c. Dendritic Cells (DC): Found as immature cells, capture foreign agents and transfer them to lymphoid
nodes. Key antigen-presenting cells (APC's) capable of initiating adaptive immunity
2d. Natural killer (NK) cells and intraepithelial cells: spontaneously kill target organisms without previous
antigen exposure, produce cytokines
BIOD 331 Pathophysiology Module 3 Exam
