PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+.
The physician suspects that a patient under a lot of stress (stimulation of the sympathetic nervous
system) is experiencing stress-induced release of vasopressin. Knowing the effects of an activated renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the nurse should be assessing the patient for which primary
nursing diagnosis?
A. Fluid volume excess related to retention of water in the body
B. Decreased cardiac output related to positional low blood pressure
C. Electrolyte imbalance related to retention of potassium
D. Nutritional imbalance related to vomiting and diarrhea - (ANSWER)A
Which are considered stages of the general adaptation syndrome?
A. Alarm
B. Resistance
C. Exhaustion
D. all of the above - (ANSWER)D
Which of the following physiological processes would be considered a positive feedback mechanism?
A. The release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland
B. Shivering in response to low environmental temperature
C. The platelet aggregation mechanism for closing minute ruptures in very small blood vessels during
accidental injury
D. Increased production of white blood cells (WBCs) in response to a microorganism - (ANSWER)C
This component of the homeostatic mechanism is in charge of receiving information form the
environment:
A. Integrator
B. Sensor
,PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+.
C. Effector
D. Comparator - (ANSWER)B
A particular disease has a debilitating effect on the ability of sufferers to perform their activities of daily
living and is a significant cause of decreased quality of life. However, few people die as a result of the
disease's direct effects. There are hundreds of thousands of Americans living with the disease but
relatively few new cases in recent years. Which of the following statements best conveys an accurate
epidemiological characterization of the disease?
A. Low mortality; high morbidity; low prevalence; high incidence
B. Low mortality; high morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
C. High mortality; low morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
D. High morbidity; low mortality; high prevalence, low incidence - (ANSWER)D
Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic visit for a routine follow-up assessment of
hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the nurse knows that
A. a normal value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve.
B. if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered elevated.
C. all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
D. if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean the person is disease free. -
(ANSWER)A
A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large, university hospital.
The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation between diseases that are caused by
abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease. Which of the following patients most clearly
demonstrates the consequences of molecules that cause disease?
A. A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+.
B. A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from familial
hypercholesterolemia
C. A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen therapy and chest
physiotherapy
D. A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV positive. -
(ANSWER)D
A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the first time. Which of the
following aspects of the patient's current state of health would be best characterized as a symptom
rather than a sign?
A. The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B. The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
C. The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields bilaterally.
D. The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute. - (ANSWER)B
A male international business traveler has returned from a trip to Indonesia. While there, he hired a
prostitute for companionship and engaged in unprotected sex on more than one occasion. Unbeknownst
to him, this prostitute harbored the hepatitis C virus. Upon return to the United States, he exhibited no
symptoms and returned to his usual activities. During this period of no outward symptoms, the man
would be classified as being in
A. the preclinical stage of disease.
B. remission and unlikely to develop hepatitis C.
C. the clinical disease stage of hepatitis C.
D. the chronic phase of hepatitis C. - (ANSWER)A
A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a number of clients
who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following aspects of clients' situations best
characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+.
The physician suspects that a patient under a lot of stress (stimulation of the sympathetic nervous
system) is experiencing stress-induced release of vasopressin. Knowing the effects of an activated renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the nurse should be assessing the patient for which primary
nursing diagnosis?
A. Fluid volume excess related to retention of water in the body
B. Decreased cardiac output related to positional low blood pressure
C. Electrolyte imbalance related to retention of potassium
D. Nutritional imbalance related to vomiting and diarrhea - (ANSWER)A
Which are considered stages of the general adaptation syndrome?
A. Alarm
B. Resistance
C. Exhaustion
D. all of the above - (ANSWER)D
Which of the following physiological processes would be considered a positive feedback mechanism?
A. The release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland
B. Shivering in response to low environmental temperature
C. The platelet aggregation mechanism for closing minute ruptures in very small blood vessels during
accidental injury
D. Increased production of white blood cells (WBCs) in response to a microorganism - (ANSWER)C
This component of the homeostatic mechanism is in charge of receiving information form the
environment:
A. Integrator
B. Sensor
,PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+.
C. Effector
D. Comparator - (ANSWER)B
A particular disease has a debilitating effect on the ability of sufferers to perform their activities of daily
living and is a significant cause of decreased quality of life. However, few people die as a result of the
disease's direct effects. There are hundreds of thousands of Americans living with the disease but
relatively few new cases in recent years. Which of the following statements best conveys an accurate
epidemiological characterization of the disease?
A. Low mortality; high morbidity; low prevalence; high incidence
B. Low mortality; high morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
C. High mortality; low morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
D. High morbidity; low mortality; high prevalence, low incidence - (ANSWER)D
Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic visit for a routine follow-up assessment of
hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the nurse knows that
A. a normal value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve.
B. if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered elevated.
C. all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
D. if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean the person is disease free. -
(ANSWER)A
A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large, university hospital.
The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation between diseases that are caused by
abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease. Which of the following patients most clearly
demonstrates the consequences of molecules that cause disease?
A. A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+.
B. A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from familial
hypercholesterolemia
C. A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen therapy and chest
physiotherapy
D. A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV positive. -
(ANSWER)D
A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the first time. Which of the
following aspects of the patient's current state of health would be best characterized as a symptom
rather than a sign?
A. The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B. The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
C. The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields bilaterally.
D. The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute. - (ANSWER)B
A male international business traveler has returned from a trip to Indonesia. While there, he hired a
prostitute for companionship and engaged in unprotected sex on more than one occasion. Unbeknownst
to him, this prostitute harbored the hepatitis C virus. Upon return to the United States, he exhibited no
symptoms and returned to his usual activities. During this period of no outward symptoms, the man
would be classified as being in
A. the preclinical stage of disease.
B. remission and unlikely to develop hepatitis C.
C. the clinical disease stage of hepatitis C.
D. the chronic phase of hepatitis C. - (ANSWER)A
A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a number of clients
who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following aspects of clients' situations best
characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
