CNIT 315 EXAM 1 PREP VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
bit - Answers - smallest most basic data item in a computer. 0 or 1, open or closed
switch
byte - Answers - a group of 8 bits
character codes (ASCII, Unicode) - Answers - collection of 0 and 1 that represent single
letters, single digits and other single characters
word - Answers - combinations of 1 or more bytes
RAM - Answers - Main memory unit of a computer. Volatile so data is lost when power
is lost. Measured in Mega or Giga bytes
Control unit - Answers - 1/2 of the CPU. Monitors overall operation of the computer.
Know when the next instruction resides, issues signals to read wrtie data, executes all
instructions
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - Answers - 1/2 of the CPU. Performs all computations like
addition, subtraction, comparisons
Microprocessor - Answers - The central processing unit that is generally made from a
single integrated circuit.
Computer program - Answers - data and instructions used to operate a computer and
produce a results. Set of programs is called software
programming - Answers - written instructions in a language that computers and other
programs can understand
programming language - Answers - set of instructions that can be used to construct a
program
executable program - Answers - a program that can operate on a computer. They are
made of binary
machine language - Answers - computers internal language made up of 1 and 0.
Execitanle programs are made of binary
opcode - Answers - tells the computer the operation to be performed
assembly language - Answers - substitution of word like symbols for the opcodes and
decimal numbers and labels for memory addresses
, low level languages - Answers - machine and assembly language. both use instructions
that are directly tied to one type of computer
source program/code - Answers - a program written in a high-level language
Interpreted Language - Answers - Code that is translated one line/instruction at a time.
interpreter - Answers - a program used to translate each statement in a high level
source program and execute it after translation
compiled language - Answers - Translates the entire program, creating an executable
program which can be run at a later time
Compiler - Answers - A computer program created to read an entire program and
convert it into a lower-level language and ultimately to assembly language used by the
processor.
object program - Answers - The output of the compiler. the machine language version of
the high-level language program.
Linker - Answers - combines additional machine language code with the object program
to create a final executable program
Procedural Language (PL/SQL) - Answers - instructions are used to create self-
contained units called procedures
procedure/function/method - Answers - accepts data as input and transforms it in some
manner to produce a specific result as output
structured procedures - Answers - procedures conforming to structure guidelines
structured language - Answers - C is an example.high level procedural language that
enforces structured procedures
object oriented languages - Answers - Languages that allow the programmer to create
"objects" that store custom sets of data and can perform actions involving that data.
application software - Answers - computer software created to allow the user to perform
a specific job or task
system software - Answers - software responsible for the general operation of a
computer system, including the operation of hardware, running application software,
and file management
bit - Answers - smallest most basic data item in a computer. 0 or 1, open or closed
switch
byte - Answers - a group of 8 bits
character codes (ASCII, Unicode) - Answers - collection of 0 and 1 that represent single
letters, single digits and other single characters
word - Answers - combinations of 1 or more bytes
RAM - Answers - Main memory unit of a computer. Volatile so data is lost when power
is lost. Measured in Mega or Giga bytes
Control unit - Answers - 1/2 of the CPU. Monitors overall operation of the computer.
Know when the next instruction resides, issues signals to read wrtie data, executes all
instructions
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - Answers - 1/2 of the CPU. Performs all computations like
addition, subtraction, comparisons
Microprocessor - Answers - The central processing unit that is generally made from a
single integrated circuit.
Computer program - Answers - data and instructions used to operate a computer and
produce a results. Set of programs is called software
programming - Answers - written instructions in a language that computers and other
programs can understand
programming language - Answers - set of instructions that can be used to construct a
program
executable program - Answers - a program that can operate on a computer. They are
made of binary
machine language - Answers - computers internal language made up of 1 and 0.
Execitanle programs are made of binary
opcode - Answers - tells the computer the operation to be performed
assembly language - Answers - substitution of word like symbols for the opcodes and
decimal numbers and labels for memory addresses
, low level languages - Answers - machine and assembly language. both use instructions
that are directly tied to one type of computer
source program/code - Answers - a program written in a high-level language
Interpreted Language - Answers - Code that is translated one line/instruction at a time.
interpreter - Answers - a program used to translate each statement in a high level
source program and execute it after translation
compiled language - Answers - Translates the entire program, creating an executable
program which can be run at a later time
Compiler - Answers - A computer program created to read an entire program and
convert it into a lower-level language and ultimately to assembly language used by the
processor.
object program - Answers - The output of the compiler. the machine language version of
the high-level language program.
Linker - Answers - combines additional machine language code with the object program
to create a final executable program
Procedural Language (PL/SQL) - Answers - instructions are used to create self-
contained units called procedures
procedure/function/method - Answers - accepts data as input and transforms it in some
manner to produce a specific result as output
structured procedures - Answers - procedures conforming to structure guidelines
structured language - Answers - C is an example.high level procedural language that
enforces structured procedures
object oriented languages - Answers - Languages that allow the programmer to create
"objects" that store custom sets of data and can perform actions involving that data.
application software - Answers - computer software created to allow the user to perform
a specific job or task
system software - Answers - software responsible for the general operation of a
computer system, including the operation of hardware, running application software,
and file management
