Nutrition Ch 1 jersey college Questions and Answers

Nutrition Ch 1 jersey college Questions and Answers The newborn or neonatal period of infancy is defined as The period from birth until 28 days of age. Infancy is defined as the period from Birth to 12 months of age Growth refers to An increase in physical size Development refers to The sequential process by which infants and children gain various skills and functions Maturation refers to An increase in functionality of various body systems or developmental skills When assessing the growth and development of a premature infant Use the infants adjusted age to determine expected outcomes. To determine adjusted age, subtract the number of weeks at the infant was premature from the infant chronological age. The average newborn weighs 3.4 kg, or 7.5 pounds. Newborns may expect to lose - percentage of their body weight over the first week of life 5% to 10% The average newborn gains- Grams a day for the first 10 days About 20 to 30 g a day. The newborn regains his or her birthweight by 7 to 10 days of age Most infants double their birth weight by 4 to 5 months of age Most infants triple their birth weight by One years old The average length of a newborn is 50 cm or 20 inches By 12 months of age the infants length has increased by 50% The average head circumference of a full term newborn is 35 cm or 13.5 inches And infants head circumference increases about - centimeters from birth to one year of age 10 States of consciousness In infants; deep sleep Sleeping with eyes closed and no movement States of consciousness in newborns; light sleep Sleeping with eyes closed, rapid eye movements and a regular movements may be noticed States of consciousness in infants; drowsiness Eyes may be closed or be half-lidded, the infant may be dozing States of consciousness in newborns; quiet alert state The infants eyes are wide open, and the body is called. States of consciousness in infants; alert state The infants eyes are open, body movements occur States of consciousness in infants; crying The infant cries or screams and is difficult to gain the infants attention. At six months of age the infants brain weighs - that of an adult brain Half At 12 months of age and infants brain weighs 2.5 times what it was at birth The anterior fontanelle remains open until 12 to 18 months of age Myelination of the spinal cord and nerves continues over The first two years The Babinski reflex disappears around One year of age With the exception of the Babinski reflex, the other newborn reflexive disappear Over the first few months The respiratory rate for a newborn is 30 to 60 breaths per minute The respiratory rate for a one-year-old is 20 to 30 breaths per minute The respiratory system does not reach adult levels until about Seven years of age The lack of - in the mucosal lining of the upper respiratory tract contributes to the frequent infections that occur in infancy Immuno globin A (IgA) The heart - in size over the first year of life Doubles The average pulse rate of a newborn is 120 to 1 40 bpm The average pulse rate of a one-year-old is 100 bpm The average newborn blood pressure is 60/40 The average blood pressure of a one Year old is 100/50 When an infant is born with one or more teeth, Or when they appear within the first 28 days of life this is termed Neonatal teeth The first primary teeth begin to irrupt between the ages of Six and eight months The primary teeth are called Deciduous teeth - Teeth are usually the first to appear, followed by the - Lower central incisors, upper central incisors The average one-year-old has - two - teeth 4 to 8 A newborn small intestine is about 270 cm long A newborns stomach size is relatively small and capable of holding about .5 to 1 ounce By the year of one age the stomach can accommodate Three full meals and several snacks per day In the newborn duodenum three enzymes are important for digestion they are Trypsin, amylase, and lipase Amylase and lipase are deficient in the infant until about Five months of age In the first few days of life infant stool changes to Yellowish or tan A formula fed infant has stools the consistency of Peanut butter A breast-fed infants has stools the consistency of Looser and texture and seedy Newborns may have as many as - two - stools per day or as few as - stool every day or two. 8 to 10, or one True or false; young infants often grunt, strain, or cry while attempting to have a bowel movement. True Because the total body water is a greater percentage of weight than that of an adult the infant is more susceptible to Dehydration True or false; darker skinned races tend to have more lanugo present at birth than those with light skin True During the last - months of gestation, maternal iron stores are transferred to the fetus Three Infants iron stores may be sufficient for the first - to - months of life but will become depleted if iron supplementation does not occur 6 to 9 Newborns receive large amounts of - through the placenta from their mothers, this confers immunity for the first 3 to 6 months of life for antigens to which the mother was previously exposed Immuno globin G (IgG) Infants synthesize their own immuno globin G reaching approximately 60% of adult levels by the age of One year The Eric Erickson psychosocial development phase for infants is Trust versus mistrust John Piagets theory of cognitive development is referred to as - during birth to two years Sensorimotor stage Four divisions of substages within the sensorimotor stage are Reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, and coordination of secondary schemes Freuds developmental theory for newborns to one year is Oral stage By -months the infant knows he or she is separate from the parent or caregiver 12 months By - months of age, infants can recognize themselves in the mirror 12 months By 12 months of age the infant will explore objects in different ways such as Throwing, banging, dropping, and shaking Infants may imitate gestures and know how to use certain objects correctly such as putting phone to ear, turn cup to drink, attempts to comb hair by - months 12 months Usually around - age the infant can walk independently One year Warning signs that may indicate problems in the newborn or infant with motor development include the following Stiff arms and legs, floppy arms or legs, child cannot support head by 3 to 4 months of age, child reaches with only one hand, child cannot sit with assistance at six months of age, child does not crawl by 12 months of age, child cannot stand supported by 12 months of age. The new newborn prefers to view objects at a distance of - to dash, making them -. 20 to 38 cm or 8 to 15 inches, nearsighted. The ability to fuse two ocular images into one cerebral picture is referred to as Binocularity Binocularity begins to develop at Six weeks of age, and as well established by four months of age. Full color vision, distance vision, and the ability to track objects develops by Seven months of age True or false; a newborns hearing is intact at birth and as acute as that of an adult True The basic reason for crying is Needs unmet At - to - months of age the infant makes simple vowel sounds, laughs outloud, performs raspberries, and vocalizes in response to voices 4 to 5 months At - to- months old babies coos , makes other vocalizations, and demonstrates differentiated crying One to three months old The infant response to his or her own name, and begins to respond to know between the ages of - to - 4 to 5 months of age The average 12 month old uses - to - recognizable words with meaning, recognizes objects by name, and starts to imitate animal sounds. Two or three