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NSG 3280 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 EXAM 2
LATEST VERSION WITH COMPLETE 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
SOLUTIONS JUST RELEASED THIS YEAR
1. A patient stubs their toe and develops localized redness, heat, swelling, and pain. These signs
are characteristic of:
A) Chronic inflammation
B) Acute inflammation
C) Autoimmune reaction
D) Anaphylaxis
Answer: B
The classic signs of acute inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), and
dolor (pain). These result from vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and chemical
mediator release. Chronic inflammation lacks these acute signs and is characterized by tissue
destruction and repair.
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2. Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for the vasodilation and increased capillary
permeability seen in acute inflammation?
A) Histamine
B) Interleukin-2
C) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
D) Interferon-gamma
Answer: A
Histamine is a potent vasoactive amine released from mast cells and basophils that causes
arteriolar vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. This leads to the classic signs of
redness, heat, and swelling. TNF-α and IL-2 are primarily involved in immune regulation, not
acute vascular changes.
3. A patient experiencing an allergic reaction to peanuts develops urticaria, wheezing, and
hypotension. This represents which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A) Type I (Anaphylactic)
B) Type II (Cytotoxic)
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C) Type III (Immune complex)
D) Type IV (Delayed-type)
Answer: A
Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and occurs within minutes of allergen exposure. Mast cell
degranulation releases histamine and other mediators, causing vasodilation,
bronchoconstriction, and systemic anaphylaxis. Peanut allergy is a classic example of Type I
hypersensitivity.
4. A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develops glomerulonephritis due to
deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the kidney. This represents which type of
hypersensitivity?
A) Type I (Anaphylactic)
B) Type II (Cytotoxic)
C) Type III (Immune complex)
D) Type IV (Delayed-type)
Answer: C
Type III hypersensitivity involves the deposition of circulating antigen-antibody complexes in
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tissues, leading to complement activation and inflammation. SLE is characterized by immune
complex deposition in organs such as the kidneys (glomerulonephritis), skin, and joints.
5. The primary cells responsible for the adaptive immune response are:
A) Neutrophils and macrophages
B) T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes
C) Natural killer cells and dendritic cells
D) Mast cells and eosinophils
Answer: B
T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are the key cells of the adaptive immune system. T-cells
mediate cell-mediated immunity (helper T-cells, cytotoxic T-cells), while B-cells produce
antibodies (humoral immunity). Neutrophils and macrophages are part of the innate immune
system.
6. A patient with HIV infection has a CD4+ T-cell count of 180 cells/µL. This places the patient at
risk for:
4
SUCCESS!
NSG 3280 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 EXAM 2
LATEST VERSION WITH COMPLETE 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
SOLUTIONS JUST RELEASED THIS YEAR
1. A patient stubs their toe and develops localized redness, heat, swelling, and pain. These signs
are characteristic of:
A) Chronic inflammation
B) Acute inflammation
C) Autoimmune reaction
D) Anaphylaxis
Answer: B
The classic signs of acute inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), and
dolor (pain). These result from vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and chemical
mediator release. Chronic inflammation lacks these acute signs and is characterized by tissue
destruction and repair.
1
SUCCESS!
,Page 2 of 203
2. Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for the vasodilation and increased capillary
permeability seen in acute inflammation?
A) Histamine
B) Interleukin-2
C) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
D) Interferon-gamma
Answer: A
Histamine is a potent vasoactive amine released from mast cells and basophils that causes
arteriolar vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. This leads to the classic signs of
redness, heat, and swelling. TNF-α and IL-2 are primarily involved in immune regulation, not
acute vascular changes.
3. A patient experiencing an allergic reaction to peanuts develops urticaria, wheezing, and
hypotension. This represents which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A) Type I (Anaphylactic)
B) Type II (Cytotoxic)
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C) Type III (Immune complex)
D) Type IV (Delayed-type)
Answer: A
Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and occurs within minutes of allergen exposure. Mast cell
degranulation releases histamine and other mediators, causing vasodilation,
bronchoconstriction, and systemic anaphylaxis. Peanut allergy is a classic example of Type I
hypersensitivity.
4. A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develops glomerulonephritis due to
deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the kidney. This represents which type of
hypersensitivity?
A) Type I (Anaphylactic)
B) Type II (Cytotoxic)
C) Type III (Immune complex)
D) Type IV (Delayed-type)
Answer: C
Type III hypersensitivity involves the deposition of circulating antigen-antibody complexes in
3
SUCCESS!
, Page 4 of 203
tissues, leading to complement activation and inflammation. SLE is characterized by immune
complex deposition in organs such as the kidneys (glomerulonephritis), skin, and joints.
5. The primary cells responsible for the adaptive immune response are:
A) Neutrophils and macrophages
B) T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes
C) Natural killer cells and dendritic cells
D) Mast cells and eosinophils
Answer: B
T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are the key cells of the adaptive immune system. T-cells
mediate cell-mediated immunity (helper T-cells, cytotoxic T-cells), while B-cells produce
antibodies (humoral immunity). Neutrophils and macrophages are part of the innate immune
system.
6. A patient with HIV infection has a CD4+ T-cell count of 180 cells/µL. This places the patient at
risk for:
4
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