1|Page
MCAT EXAM 2026/2027 – COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS | GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED
PASS
What type of genetic material is present within prokaryotes? - ANSWER =-single circle
molecule of DNA
-within nucleoid region
plasmids - ANSWER =-circular DNA
-small
-few genes
-replicate independently
cocci - ANSWER =spherical bacteria
bacilli - ANSWER =rod-shaped bacteria
how do antibacterials work? - ANSWER =tend to attack bacterial specific structures
Eukaryote characteristics - ANSWER =-protists, fungi, plants, and animals
-cell walls in fungi and plants
-nucleus
-unicellular or multicellular
cytoskeleton proteins - ANSWER =-actin filaments
-intermediate filaments
-microtubules
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Smallest cytoskeleton proteins - ANSWER =actin filaments
largest cytoskeleton proteins - ANSWER =microtubules
phospholipid bilayer - ANSWER =-hydrophobic nonpolar tail
-hydrophilic polar head
-cholesterol molecules
purpose of cholesterol in phospholipid bilayer - ANSWER =regulate fluidity
transport proteins - ANSWER =-control entry/exit
-polar molecules and ions allowed through
cell adhesion molecule purpose - ANSWER =-CAMs
-allow cells to recognize each other
-proper cell differentiation and development
nucleus membrane - ANSWER =-double membrane
-nuclear membrane/envelope
purpose of nucleolus - ANSWER =ribosomal RNA synthesized (rRNA)
Ribosomes - ANSWER =-protein production
-free and bound types
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER =-production and sorting of materials from cell
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smooth ER purpose - ANSWER =lipid synthesis and detox drugs/poisons
rough ER purpose - ANSWER =protein production
Golgi structure - ANSWER =membrane bound sacs
golgi purpose - ANSWER =-receives from smooth ER
-repackages to cell surface via secretory vescicles
lysosomes - ANSWER =-'garbage dumps' -
receives from endosomes
-uses hydrolytic enzymes at lowered pH
-break down materials
-remove old cell components and replace
-can cause autolysis
autolysis - ANSWER =cell suicide
mitochondria - ANSWER =powerhouse
-2 layers
-semi-autonomous
-inherited only from the mother
2 layers of mitochondria - ANSWER =outer-walls inner-
electron transport chain
what is the purpose of cristae on mitochondria? - ANSWER =increase surface area
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semi-autonomous - ANSWER =own genes
-replicate independently
types of microbodies - ANSWER =-peroxisomes
-glyoxysomes
peroxisomes - ANSWER =-create hydrogen peroxide
-break down fats
-catalyze detox
glyoxysomes - ANSWER =-germinating plants
-convert fats to sugars
chloroplasts - ANSWER =-in plants and algae
-powerhouse
-contain chlorophyll
-generation of energy
-own DNA
plant cell wall composition - ANSWER =cellulose
fungi cell wall composition - ANSWER =chitin
animal cell wall composition - ANSWER =no cell wall!!
centrioles - ANSWER =-specialized microtubules
MCAT EXAM 2026/2027 – COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS | GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED
PASS
What type of genetic material is present within prokaryotes? - ANSWER =-single circle
molecule of DNA
-within nucleoid region
plasmids - ANSWER =-circular DNA
-small
-few genes
-replicate independently
cocci - ANSWER =spherical bacteria
bacilli - ANSWER =rod-shaped bacteria
how do antibacterials work? - ANSWER =tend to attack bacterial specific structures
Eukaryote characteristics - ANSWER =-protists, fungi, plants, and animals
-cell walls in fungi and plants
-nucleus
-unicellular or multicellular
cytoskeleton proteins - ANSWER =-actin filaments
-intermediate filaments
-microtubules
,2|Page
Smallest cytoskeleton proteins - ANSWER =actin filaments
largest cytoskeleton proteins - ANSWER =microtubules
phospholipid bilayer - ANSWER =-hydrophobic nonpolar tail
-hydrophilic polar head
-cholesterol molecules
purpose of cholesterol in phospholipid bilayer - ANSWER =regulate fluidity
transport proteins - ANSWER =-control entry/exit
-polar molecules and ions allowed through
cell adhesion molecule purpose - ANSWER =-CAMs
-allow cells to recognize each other
-proper cell differentiation and development
nucleus membrane - ANSWER =-double membrane
-nuclear membrane/envelope
purpose of nucleolus - ANSWER =ribosomal RNA synthesized (rRNA)
Ribosomes - ANSWER =-protein production
-free and bound types
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER =-production and sorting of materials from cell
,3|Page
smooth ER purpose - ANSWER =lipid synthesis and detox drugs/poisons
rough ER purpose - ANSWER =protein production
Golgi structure - ANSWER =membrane bound sacs
golgi purpose - ANSWER =-receives from smooth ER
-repackages to cell surface via secretory vescicles
lysosomes - ANSWER =-'garbage dumps' -
receives from endosomes
-uses hydrolytic enzymes at lowered pH
-break down materials
-remove old cell components and replace
-can cause autolysis
autolysis - ANSWER =cell suicide
mitochondria - ANSWER =powerhouse
-2 layers
-semi-autonomous
-inherited only from the mother
2 layers of mitochondria - ANSWER =outer-walls inner-
electron transport chain
what is the purpose of cristae on mitochondria? - ANSWER =increase surface area
, 4|Page
semi-autonomous - ANSWER =own genes
-replicate independently
types of microbodies - ANSWER =-peroxisomes
-glyoxysomes
peroxisomes - ANSWER =-create hydrogen peroxide
-break down fats
-catalyze detox
glyoxysomes - ANSWER =-germinating plants
-convert fats to sugars
chloroplasts - ANSWER =-in plants and algae
-powerhouse
-contain chlorophyll
-generation of energy
-own DNA
plant cell wall composition - ANSWER =cellulose
fungi cell wall composition - ANSWER =chitin
animal cell wall composition - ANSWER =no cell wall!!
centrioles - ANSWER =-specialized microtubules
