MHA 708 EXAM D HEALTHCARE POLICY NEWEST 2026
ACTUAL EXAM| LSUS MHA 708 EXAM DREVIEW WITH
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
1. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as:
A. The absence of disease or infirmity
B. A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
C. The ability to perform activities of daily living without assistance
D. Freedom from disability and chronic illness
Answer: B
Rationale: The WHO defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (WHO Constitution,
1948). This holistic definition is widely cited in health policy literature as the foundation
for comprehensive health systems .
2. The value of all goods and services produced within a country for a given period
is known as:
A. Gross National Product (GNP)
B. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
C. Consumer Price Index (CPI)
D. National Health Expenditure (NHE)
Answer: B
Rationale: GDP measures the total value of all goods and services produced within a
country's borders during a specific time period. It serves as a primary indicator of a
country's economic activity and financial well-being. GNP includes income from citizens
abroad; CPI measures inflation .
,3. The number of deaths in a given population within a specified period is called:
A. Morbidity
B. Mortality
C. Prevalence
D. Incidence
Answer: B
Rationale: Mortality refers to the incidence of death in a population. Morbidity refers to
illness or disease; disability refers to functional limitations. Mortality rates are key health
system outcome measures .
4. A physical or mental condition that limits an individual's normal functions is
called:
A. Handicap
B. Impairment
C. Disability
D. Morbidity
Answer: C
Rationale: Disability is defined as a limitation in performing tasks or activities of daily
living. It is distinct from impairment (loss of body function or structure) and handicap
(social disadvantage). Disability policies (e.g., ADA) are core topics in healthcare policy .
5. A combined mortality-morbidity index that reflects years of life free of disability
and symptoms of illness is called:
A. Quality-adjusted life year (QALY)
B. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY)
C. Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
D. Years of potential life lost (YPLL)
Answer: A
Rationale: QALY integrates both mortality and morbidity into a single measure by
,weighting each year of life with a quality-of-life score (0 = death, 1 = perfect health). It
is widely used in cost-effectiveness analysis and health technology assessment .
6. The Market Justice approach to healthcare delivery assumes:
A. Healthcare is a right, not a privilege
B. Everyone should have access to healthcare regardless of ability to pay
C. Healthcare should be allocated based on willingness to pay
D. The government should be the sole provider of health insurance
Answer: C
Rationale: The market justice model views healthcare as an economic good distributed
according to market forces. Those who can afford care receive it; those who cannot
must rely on charity or safety-net programs. It emphasizes individual responsibility and
limited government intervention .
7. The Social Justice approach to healthcare delivery assumes:
A. Healthcare is a commodity to be bought and sold
B. Individuals are responsible for their own health outcomes
C. Everyone has an equal right to healthcare regardless of ability to pay
D. The market should determine healthcare distribution
Answer: C
Rationale: Social justice allocates care according to need rather than ability to pay. It
holds that healthcare is a basic human right and access should be universal, not
determined by financial status .
8. The determinants of health include: (Select all that apply)
A. Social and economic support
B. Physical environment
C. Genetics and epigenetics
D. Medical care
E. Health-related behaviors
, Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: The five determinants of health include: (1) social and economic support, (2)
physical environment, (3) genetics and epigenetics, (4) medical care (including
prevention and disease management), and (5) health-related behaviors. Individual
lifestyle choices are major drivers of health outcomes .
9. An example of the feedback loop between health status and determinants of
health is:
A. A well-insured person chooses healthy foods
B. A person with chronic illness loses income and can no longer afford healthy food
C. A hospital builds a new wing to reduce overcrowding
D. A vaccine reduces the incidence of measles
Answer: B
Rationale: Health status can influence social determinants. For example, a person with a
chronic disease may experience reduced work capacity, lower income, and decreased
ability to access healthy housing or nutrition. This bidirectional relationship creates
cycles that health policy must address .
10. At the turn of the 20th century, healthcare in America was characterized by all
of the following EXCEPT:
A. Physicians typically operated solo practices
B. Hospitals were predominantly for-profit institutions
C. Long-term care was provided at home
D. Control of infectious diseases improved
Answer: B
Rationale: At the turn of the 20th century, most hospitals were nonprofit or charitable
institutions operated by religious or community groups. For-profit hospitals became
more common later in the century. The other options accurately describe early-1900s
healthcare .
ACTUAL EXAM| LSUS MHA 708 EXAM DREVIEW WITH
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
1. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as:
A. The absence of disease or infirmity
B. A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
C. The ability to perform activities of daily living without assistance
D. Freedom from disability and chronic illness
Answer: B
Rationale: The WHO defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (WHO Constitution,
1948). This holistic definition is widely cited in health policy literature as the foundation
for comprehensive health systems .
2. The value of all goods and services produced within a country for a given period
is known as:
A. Gross National Product (GNP)
B. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
C. Consumer Price Index (CPI)
D. National Health Expenditure (NHE)
Answer: B
Rationale: GDP measures the total value of all goods and services produced within a
country's borders during a specific time period. It serves as a primary indicator of a
country's economic activity and financial well-being. GNP includes income from citizens
abroad; CPI measures inflation .
,3. The number of deaths in a given population within a specified period is called:
A. Morbidity
B. Mortality
C. Prevalence
D. Incidence
Answer: B
Rationale: Mortality refers to the incidence of death in a population. Morbidity refers to
illness or disease; disability refers to functional limitations. Mortality rates are key health
system outcome measures .
4. A physical or mental condition that limits an individual's normal functions is
called:
A. Handicap
B. Impairment
C. Disability
D. Morbidity
Answer: C
Rationale: Disability is defined as a limitation in performing tasks or activities of daily
living. It is distinct from impairment (loss of body function or structure) and handicap
(social disadvantage). Disability policies (e.g., ADA) are core topics in healthcare policy .
5. A combined mortality-morbidity index that reflects years of life free of disability
and symptoms of illness is called:
A. Quality-adjusted life year (QALY)
B. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY)
C. Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
D. Years of potential life lost (YPLL)
Answer: A
Rationale: QALY integrates both mortality and morbidity into a single measure by
,weighting each year of life with a quality-of-life score (0 = death, 1 = perfect health). It
is widely used in cost-effectiveness analysis and health technology assessment .
6. The Market Justice approach to healthcare delivery assumes:
A. Healthcare is a right, not a privilege
B. Everyone should have access to healthcare regardless of ability to pay
C. Healthcare should be allocated based on willingness to pay
D. The government should be the sole provider of health insurance
Answer: C
Rationale: The market justice model views healthcare as an economic good distributed
according to market forces. Those who can afford care receive it; those who cannot
must rely on charity or safety-net programs. It emphasizes individual responsibility and
limited government intervention .
7. The Social Justice approach to healthcare delivery assumes:
A. Healthcare is a commodity to be bought and sold
B. Individuals are responsible for their own health outcomes
C. Everyone has an equal right to healthcare regardless of ability to pay
D. The market should determine healthcare distribution
Answer: C
Rationale: Social justice allocates care according to need rather than ability to pay. It
holds that healthcare is a basic human right and access should be universal, not
determined by financial status .
8. The determinants of health include: (Select all that apply)
A. Social and economic support
B. Physical environment
C. Genetics and epigenetics
D. Medical care
E. Health-related behaviors
, Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: The five determinants of health include: (1) social and economic support, (2)
physical environment, (3) genetics and epigenetics, (4) medical care (including
prevention and disease management), and (5) health-related behaviors. Individual
lifestyle choices are major drivers of health outcomes .
9. An example of the feedback loop between health status and determinants of
health is:
A. A well-insured person chooses healthy foods
B. A person with chronic illness loses income and can no longer afford healthy food
C. A hospital builds a new wing to reduce overcrowding
D. A vaccine reduces the incidence of measles
Answer: B
Rationale: Health status can influence social determinants. For example, a person with a
chronic disease may experience reduced work capacity, lower income, and decreased
ability to access healthy housing or nutrition. This bidirectional relationship creates
cycles that health policy must address .
10. At the turn of the 20th century, healthcare in America was characterized by all
of the following EXCEPT:
A. Physicians typically operated solo practices
B. Hospitals were predominantly for-profit institutions
C. Long-term care was provided at home
D. Control of infectious diseases improved
Answer: B
Rationale: At the turn of the 20th century, most hospitals were nonprofit or charitable
institutions operated by religious or community groups. For-profit hospitals became
more common later in the century. The other options accurately describe early-1900s
healthcare .
