GN 311 EXAM 3 NCSU QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Friedrich Miescher - ANSWER First isolated DNA in 1869 from white blood cells,
he called in nuclein and noted that it was acidic and high is phosphorus
Albrecht Kossel - ANSWER Discovered the four nitrogenous bases in 1901
(adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine)
Phoebus Levene - ANSWER Discovered that DNA is make of nucleotides made
up of a phosphate attached to a sugar attached to a base, proposed the
tetranucleotide structure in 1910
Protein - ANSWER ________ was originally thought to be the genetic material
because it is abundant in cells, variable, and easily accepted for transmission
genetics.
Transformation - ANSWER Griffith (1928) discovered that when a heat-killed
virus is mixed with a nonvirulent version, something occurs between to two
substances that makes the nonvirulent version virulent (thus killing the mouse)
Transforming Principle - ANSWER Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (1944) decided
that DNA is the ________ ______ because only DNase destroyed the transforming
material
Hershey and Chase - ANSWER In 1952 these two guys discovered the DNA is the
Gentic Agent in Bacteriophages by labeling phages with either protein or DNA,
and then infected unlabeled cells and seeing that DNA was the label passed on
(not protein)
, RNA - ANSWER Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Bea Singer (1956) discovered that
____ is the genetic material in RNA viruses (Tobacco mosiac virus) by using
either RNA or proteins to infect progeny
Yanofsky - ANSWER Discovered that DNA and proteins are colinear
Dogma - ANSWER The central _____ is that DNA replicates, allowing DNA to be
transcribed into RNA (tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, etc) and mRNA to be translated into
proteins
Viruses - ANSWER In some ______ RNA can transfer information to DNA instead
X-ray - ANSWER In _____ diffraction studies Maurice WIlkins and Rosalind
Franklin were able to see the structure of DNA and found a helical structure 2
nm wide
Watson and Crick - ANSWER Created the functional model of DNA structure in
1953, in which two strands of nucleotides have base pairing (T-A) and (C-G)
Deoxyribose - ANSWER Has an OH missing on the 2nd C clockwise from the O in
the ring
Ribose - ANSWER Has an OH on the 2nd C clockwise from the O in the ring
Purines - ANSWER Have two rings and include Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine - ANSWER Have one ring and include Cytosine and Thymine (or
Uracil in place of Thymine in RNA)
Necleoside - ANSWER Made up of JUST the sugar and nitrogenous bse
Nucleotide - ANSWER Made up of the sugar, base, and phosphate backbone
Adenine and Thymine - ANSWER These two complementary base pairs are
bonded with two hydrogen bonds
Cytosine and Guanine - ANSWER These two complementary base pairs are
bonded with three hydrogen bonds
Phosphodiester bonds - ANSWER The bonds that join the sugar-phosphate
backbones of DNA, they connect the 5'-phosphate groups to the 3'- OH groups
on adjoining nucleotides
3.4 - ANSWER Twists of the DNA plectonic coil are this many nm apart from one
another
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Friedrich Miescher - ANSWER First isolated DNA in 1869 from white blood cells,
he called in nuclein and noted that it was acidic and high is phosphorus
Albrecht Kossel - ANSWER Discovered the four nitrogenous bases in 1901
(adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine)
Phoebus Levene - ANSWER Discovered that DNA is make of nucleotides made
up of a phosphate attached to a sugar attached to a base, proposed the
tetranucleotide structure in 1910
Protein - ANSWER ________ was originally thought to be the genetic material
because it is abundant in cells, variable, and easily accepted for transmission
genetics.
Transformation - ANSWER Griffith (1928) discovered that when a heat-killed
virus is mixed with a nonvirulent version, something occurs between to two
substances that makes the nonvirulent version virulent (thus killing the mouse)
Transforming Principle - ANSWER Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (1944) decided
that DNA is the ________ ______ because only DNase destroyed the transforming
material
Hershey and Chase - ANSWER In 1952 these two guys discovered the DNA is the
Gentic Agent in Bacteriophages by labeling phages with either protein or DNA,
and then infected unlabeled cells and seeing that DNA was the label passed on
(not protein)
, RNA - ANSWER Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Bea Singer (1956) discovered that
____ is the genetic material in RNA viruses (Tobacco mosiac virus) by using
either RNA or proteins to infect progeny
Yanofsky - ANSWER Discovered that DNA and proteins are colinear
Dogma - ANSWER The central _____ is that DNA replicates, allowing DNA to be
transcribed into RNA (tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, etc) and mRNA to be translated into
proteins
Viruses - ANSWER In some ______ RNA can transfer information to DNA instead
X-ray - ANSWER In _____ diffraction studies Maurice WIlkins and Rosalind
Franklin were able to see the structure of DNA and found a helical structure 2
nm wide
Watson and Crick - ANSWER Created the functional model of DNA structure in
1953, in which two strands of nucleotides have base pairing (T-A) and (C-G)
Deoxyribose - ANSWER Has an OH missing on the 2nd C clockwise from the O in
the ring
Ribose - ANSWER Has an OH on the 2nd C clockwise from the O in the ring
Purines - ANSWER Have two rings and include Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine - ANSWER Have one ring and include Cytosine and Thymine (or
Uracil in place of Thymine in RNA)
Necleoside - ANSWER Made up of JUST the sugar and nitrogenous bse
Nucleotide - ANSWER Made up of the sugar, base, and phosphate backbone
Adenine and Thymine - ANSWER These two complementary base pairs are
bonded with two hydrogen bonds
Cytosine and Guanine - ANSWER These two complementary base pairs are
bonded with three hydrogen bonds
Phosphodiester bonds - ANSWER The bonds that join the sugar-phosphate
backbones of DNA, they connect the 5'-phosphate groups to the 3'- OH groups
on adjoining nucleotides
3.4 - ANSWER Twists of the DNA plectonic coil are this many nm apart from one
another
