NURS 6202 Midterm Exam Practice 2026/2027 version A+ Graded with correct
answers with rationales
1. A patient with chronic disease asks the advanced practice nurse why evidence-
based practice is important. Which response is best?
A. It eliminates the need for clinical judgment
B. It combines best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences
C. It requires using only randomized controlled trials
D. It guarantees identical outcomes for every patient
Correct answer: B. It combines best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
preferences
Rationale: Evidence-based practice integrates research evidence with clinical expertise and the
patient's values and preferences.
2. Which component of a PICOT question identifies the intervention or
exposure?
A. P
B. I
C. C
D. T
Correct answer: B. I
Rationale: In PICOT, P = population/problem, I = intervention, C = comparison, O = outcome,
and T = time.
3. A study that randomly assigns participants to an intervention or control group
is a:
A. Cohort study
B. Randomized controlled trial
C. Case-control study
D. Qualitative phenomenology study
Correct answer: B. Randomized controlled trial
Rationale: Randomized controlled trials use random assignment and are designed to evaluate
intervention effects.
4. Which type of bias occurs when participants who remain in a study differ
systematically from those who drop out?
,A. Recall bias
B. Attrition bias
C. Selection bias
D. Publication bias
Correct answer: B. Attrition bias
Rationale: Attrition bias occurs when loss to follow-up affects the comparability of study groups
or results.
5. A p-value less than 0.05 traditionally suggests that:
A. The null hypothesis is definitely false
B. The finding is statistically significant under the specified assumptions
C. The treatment is clinically important
D. The study has no bias
Correct answer: B. The finding is statistically significant under the specified assumptions
Rationale: Statistical significance does not automatically indicate clinical importance or prove
that the null hypothesis is false.
6. A confidence interval that crosses the null value for a risk ratio generally
indicates:
A. Statistical significance is established
B. Statistical significance may not be established
C. The sample size was perfect
D. The treatment is always effective
Correct answer: B. Statistical significance may not be established
Rationale: For ratios such as risk ratios, the null value is generally 1.0.
7. Sensitivity refers to a diagnostic test's ability to:
A. Correctly identify people who have the disease
B. Correctly identify people who do not have the disease
C. Predict treatment response
D. Measure disease severity only
Correct answer: A. Correctly identify people who have the disease
Rationale: A highly sensitive test has a high true-positive rate.
8. Specificity refers to a diagnostic test's ability to:
, A. Correctly identify people without the disease
B. Detect every person with the disease
C. Predict mortality
D. Measure treatment adherence
Correct answer: A. Correctly identify people without the disease
Rationale: Specificity is the true-negative rate.
9. A highly sensitive test is especially useful when the goal is to:
A. Rule out disease when the test is negative
B. Confirm disease when the test is negative
C. Measure treatment cost
D. Determine patient satisfaction
Correct answer: A. Rule out disease when the test is negative
Rationale: The principle “SnNout” means a highly Sensitive test, when Negative, helps rule out
disease.
10. A highly specific test is especially useful when the goal is to:
A. Rule in disease when the test is positive
B. Rule out disease when the test is negative
C. Screen every patient regardless of risk
D. Measure adherence
Correct answer: A. Rule in disease when the test is positive
Rationale: “SpPin” means a highly Specific test, when Positive, helps rule in disease.
11. The first step in clinical reasoning is generally to:
A. Identify and collect relevant information
B. Select a treatment immediately
C. Order every available diagnostic test
D. Discharge the patient
Correct answer: A. Identify and collect relevant information
Rationale: Accurate assessment and data collection form the foundation for clinical reasoning.
12. Which finding is considered subjective data?
answers with rationales
1. A patient with chronic disease asks the advanced practice nurse why evidence-
based practice is important. Which response is best?
A. It eliminates the need for clinical judgment
B. It combines best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences
C. It requires using only randomized controlled trials
D. It guarantees identical outcomes for every patient
Correct answer: B. It combines best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
preferences
Rationale: Evidence-based practice integrates research evidence with clinical expertise and the
patient's values and preferences.
2. Which component of a PICOT question identifies the intervention or
exposure?
A. P
B. I
C. C
D. T
Correct answer: B. I
Rationale: In PICOT, P = population/problem, I = intervention, C = comparison, O = outcome,
and T = time.
3. A study that randomly assigns participants to an intervention or control group
is a:
A. Cohort study
B. Randomized controlled trial
C. Case-control study
D. Qualitative phenomenology study
Correct answer: B. Randomized controlled trial
Rationale: Randomized controlled trials use random assignment and are designed to evaluate
intervention effects.
4. Which type of bias occurs when participants who remain in a study differ
systematically from those who drop out?
,A. Recall bias
B. Attrition bias
C. Selection bias
D. Publication bias
Correct answer: B. Attrition bias
Rationale: Attrition bias occurs when loss to follow-up affects the comparability of study groups
or results.
5. A p-value less than 0.05 traditionally suggests that:
A. The null hypothesis is definitely false
B. The finding is statistically significant under the specified assumptions
C. The treatment is clinically important
D. The study has no bias
Correct answer: B. The finding is statistically significant under the specified assumptions
Rationale: Statistical significance does not automatically indicate clinical importance or prove
that the null hypothesis is false.
6. A confidence interval that crosses the null value for a risk ratio generally
indicates:
A. Statistical significance is established
B. Statistical significance may not be established
C. The sample size was perfect
D. The treatment is always effective
Correct answer: B. Statistical significance may not be established
Rationale: For ratios such as risk ratios, the null value is generally 1.0.
7. Sensitivity refers to a diagnostic test's ability to:
A. Correctly identify people who have the disease
B. Correctly identify people who do not have the disease
C. Predict treatment response
D. Measure disease severity only
Correct answer: A. Correctly identify people who have the disease
Rationale: A highly sensitive test has a high true-positive rate.
8. Specificity refers to a diagnostic test's ability to:
, A. Correctly identify people without the disease
B. Detect every person with the disease
C. Predict mortality
D. Measure treatment adherence
Correct answer: A. Correctly identify people without the disease
Rationale: Specificity is the true-negative rate.
9. A highly sensitive test is especially useful when the goal is to:
A. Rule out disease when the test is negative
B. Confirm disease when the test is negative
C. Measure treatment cost
D. Determine patient satisfaction
Correct answer: A. Rule out disease when the test is negative
Rationale: The principle “SnNout” means a highly Sensitive test, when Negative, helps rule out
disease.
10. A highly specific test is especially useful when the goal is to:
A. Rule in disease when the test is positive
B. Rule out disease when the test is negative
C. Screen every patient regardless of risk
D. Measure adherence
Correct answer: A. Rule in disease when the test is positive
Rationale: “SpPin” means a highly Specific test, when Positive, helps rule in disease.
11. The first step in clinical reasoning is generally to:
A. Identify and collect relevant information
B. Select a treatment immediately
C. Order every available diagnostic test
D. Discharge the patient
Correct answer: A. Identify and collect relevant information
Rationale: Accurate assessment and data collection form the foundation for clinical reasoning.
12. Which finding is considered subjective data?
