CPCE Practice Exam Review 2026 | Verified Q&A | Graded A+
1. What is the primary focus of Erikson's first stage of psychosocial
development?
Autonomy vs. shame
Identity vs. role confusion
Trust vs. mistrust
Initiative vs. guilt
2. If a child is currently in the concrete operations stage, what cognitive abilities
can you expect them to demonstrate?
Exploration of the world through sensory experiences
Logical thinking about concrete events
Abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking
Understanding of moral dilemmas
3. According to Kohlberg, at the third (postconventional) level of moral
development, individuals
follow rules in order to avoid punishment
define what is right by what they have learned from others, especially
authority figures
self-define principles that may or may not match the dominant
morals of the times
follow rules in order to obtain reward
,4. Which developmental stage in Piaget's theory is characterized by the use of
reflexes as a primary means of interaction with the environment?
Formal operational stage
Concrete operational stage
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
5. Which developmental theory emphasizes qualitative changes in
development?
Statistical developmentalism
Behaviorism
Cognitive development
Organicism
6. Discuss the implications of differential punishment between boys and girls in
the context of developmental psychology.
Differential punishment may reinforce gender stereotypes and
affect emotional development in children.
Boys are naturally more empathetic than girls due to parenting styles.
Parents treat boys and girls identically in all situations.
Differential punishment has no significant impact on children's
development.
7. Piaget argued that the thinking in one stage of development is________ the
thinking in another stage.
Quantitatively different from
, Qualitatively different from
Incompatible to X
Essentially the same as
8. Describe what it means for an individual to operate at the postconventional
level of moral development according to Kohlberg.
It means the individual follows self-accepted moral principles and
individual conscience.
It means the individual follows societal norms without question.
It means the individual is focused on maintaining relationships and
social order.
It means the individual is primarily motivated by rewards and
punishments.
9. Kohlberg's three levels of morality are
preconventional, conventional, postconventional.
self-accepted, other directed, authority directed.
formal, preformal, self-accepted.
preconventional, formal, authority directed.
10. What is the total number of stages in Kohlberg's theory of moral
development?
3
4
5
6
, 11. If a child in the preoperational stage believes that a car is moving because
she is in it, what would Piaget call this type of thinking?
egocentrism
centration
conservation
reversibility
12. Describe the significance of societal expectations in Kohlberg's conventional
morality stage.
Societal expectations only apply to the first level of morality.
Societal expectations are based solely on individual desires.
Societal expectations play a crucial role in guiding moral behavior
and decision-making in conventional morality.
Societal expectations are irrelevant to moral development.
13. What do ego psychologists, such as Erik Erikson, believe regarding man's
reasoning abilities?
They emphasize the id processes.
They believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior.
They refute the concept of the superego.
They are sometimes known as radical behaviorists.
14. What are the five stages of Freud's psychosexual development?
oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital
manifest, latent, oral and phallic
1. What is the primary focus of Erikson's first stage of psychosocial
development?
Autonomy vs. shame
Identity vs. role confusion
Trust vs. mistrust
Initiative vs. guilt
2. If a child is currently in the concrete operations stage, what cognitive abilities
can you expect them to demonstrate?
Exploration of the world through sensory experiences
Logical thinking about concrete events
Abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking
Understanding of moral dilemmas
3. According to Kohlberg, at the third (postconventional) level of moral
development, individuals
follow rules in order to avoid punishment
define what is right by what they have learned from others, especially
authority figures
self-define principles that may or may not match the dominant
morals of the times
follow rules in order to obtain reward
,4. Which developmental stage in Piaget's theory is characterized by the use of
reflexes as a primary means of interaction with the environment?
Formal operational stage
Concrete operational stage
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
5. Which developmental theory emphasizes qualitative changes in
development?
Statistical developmentalism
Behaviorism
Cognitive development
Organicism
6. Discuss the implications of differential punishment between boys and girls in
the context of developmental psychology.
Differential punishment may reinforce gender stereotypes and
affect emotional development in children.
Boys are naturally more empathetic than girls due to parenting styles.
Parents treat boys and girls identically in all situations.
Differential punishment has no significant impact on children's
development.
7. Piaget argued that the thinking in one stage of development is________ the
thinking in another stage.
Quantitatively different from
, Qualitatively different from
Incompatible to X
Essentially the same as
8. Describe what it means for an individual to operate at the postconventional
level of moral development according to Kohlberg.
It means the individual follows self-accepted moral principles and
individual conscience.
It means the individual follows societal norms without question.
It means the individual is focused on maintaining relationships and
social order.
It means the individual is primarily motivated by rewards and
punishments.
9. Kohlberg's three levels of morality are
preconventional, conventional, postconventional.
self-accepted, other directed, authority directed.
formal, preformal, self-accepted.
preconventional, formal, authority directed.
10. What is the total number of stages in Kohlberg's theory of moral
development?
3
4
5
6
, 11. If a child in the preoperational stage believes that a car is moving because
she is in it, what would Piaget call this type of thinking?
egocentrism
centration
conservation
reversibility
12. Describe the significance of societal expectations in Kohlberg's conventional
morality stage.
Societal expectations only apply to the first level of morality.
Societal expectations are based solely on individual desires.
Societal expectations play a crucial role in guiding moral behavior
and decision-making in conventional morality.
Societal expectations are irrelevant to moral development.
13. What do ego psychologists, such as Erik Erikson, believe regarding man's
reasoning abilities?
They emphasize the id processes.
They believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior.
They refute the concept of the superego.
They are sometimes known as radical behaviorists.
14. What are the five stages of Freud's psychosexual development?
oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital
manifest, latent, oral and phallic
