WGU D441
Med Dose & Pharmacology
Objective Assessment
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
Pass the Exam with Confidence
What You Will Get:
➢132 OA Exam Questions w/ Answers
➢Expert Rationales included.
➢(Prefixes / Suffixes)
➢Audrey's Study Guide for D441
, Preview Pages Below
Get the Complete PDF After Purchase
"If you require further clarification or in need of any study resources,
feel free to Message me."
Digital preview sample
,Table of Contents
WGU D441 (OA) EXAM ......................................................... 2
Prefixes / Suffixes................................................................ 79
Audrey's Study Guide for D441 .......................................... 86
WGU D441 (OA) EXAM
1. A client is receiving orlistat as part of a weight-management program. Which
ongoing assessment should be included in the plan of care to determine the
effectiveness of the medication?
A. Serum protein levels.
B. Body mass index (BMI).
C. Daily calorie count.
D. Depression screening.
Correct Answer:
B. Body mass index (BMI).
Rationale:
Orlistat blocks fat absorption in the GI tract to promote weight loss, so the trend in BMI
(and weight) is the direct, objective measure of therapeutic effectiveness.
---
,2. The nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) about the antiretroviral regimen. Which statement by the client requires
additional instruction?
A. "HIV infection is not cured by the antiretroviral regimen."
B. "The viral load can be decreased to an undetectable level."
C. "The medications can decrease AIDS-related complications."
D. "Antiretroviral medication prevents the transmission of the virus."
Correct Answer:
D. "Antiretroviral medication prevents the transmission of the virus."
Rationale:
This statement shows misunderstanding — antiretroviral therapy suppresses viral load
and reduces complications but does NOT cure HIV and does not eliminate transmission
risk; barrier protection and other precautions remain necessary.
---
3. A glucagon emergency kit is prescribed for a client with type 1 diabetes
mellitus. When should the nurse instruct the client and family that glucagon
needs to be administered?
A. Before meals to prevent hyperglycemia.
B. When signs of severe hypoglycemia occur.
C. At the onset of signs of diabetic ketoacidosis.
D. When unable to eat during sick days.
Correct Answer:
B. When signs of severe hypoglycemia occur.
Rationale:
Glucagon stimulates breakdown of glycogen into glucose and is the emergency
treatment for severe hypoglycemia when the client cannot safely swallow oral
carbohydrates. Once consciousness returns, an oral carbohydrate should be given.
,---
4. A client who received a renal transplant three months ago is readmitted with
signs of graft rejection. The nurse determines the client has been self-
administering St. John's Wort. Which information is most significant about this
finding?
A. St. John's Wort can decrease plasma concentrations of cyclosporine.
B. Adding the herb can decrease the need for corticosteroids.
C. Ingestion of St. John's Wort can reduce the client's intake of sodium.
D. The client probably used this herb to treat depression.
Correct Answer:
A. St. John's Wort can decrease plasma concentrations of cyclosporine.
Rationale:
St. John's Wort induces hepatic enzymes (CYP3A4) that metabolize
immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine, dropping drug levels below the therapeutic
range — a direct, likely cause of this client's graft rejection.
---
5. A female client starts oxybutynin for an overactive bladder and tells the nurse
she is training for a half-marathon. Which instruction should the nurse
emphasize?
A. Avoid crowds to help prevent acquiring infections.
B. Take measures to avoid dehydration and over-heating.
C. Wear padding to protect from bruising if a fall occurs.
D. Keep skin and eyes covered to protect from sun injury.
Correct Answer:
B. Take measures to avoid dehydration and over-heating.
Rationale:
Oxybutynin is anticholinergic and suppresses sweating, impairing the body's cooling
,mechanism. During endurance exercise this creates a serious risk of heat exhaustion
and heat stroke, so hydration, rest breaks, and avoiding exertion in heat are essential.
6. A male client is admitted for observation after reporting progressively
increasing fatigue over the past month and a brief episode of dizziness today. He
has a history of heartburn and indigestion that he self-treats with ibuprofen and
antacids. Which assessment finding should the nurse report immediately to the
healthcare provider?
Table
Reference Range Value
Hemoglobin 14–18 g/dL (8.7–11.2 mmol/L)
Hematocrit 42%–52% (0.42–0.52 volume fraction)
Gastric pH 1.5–3.5
A. Hematocrit 42% (0.42 volume fraction).
B. Gastric pH 2.0.
C. Positive guaiac of stool.
D. Hemoglobin 13 g/dL (8.07 mmol/L).
Correct Answer:
C. Positive guaiac of stool.
Rationale:
Chronic NSAID (ibuprofen) use is a leading cause of gastric ulceration and GI bleeding.
A positive guaiac confirms occult blood loss — explaining the fatigue and dizziness —
and must be reported immediately. The other values fall within or near expected ranges.
, Prefixes / Suffixes
1. Tetracyclines
Suffix: -cycline
Examples: doxycycline, tetracycline
2. Sulfonamides
Suffix: sulf-
Examples: sulfasalazine, sulfamethaxazole
3. Cephalosporins
Suffix: C Gf / -ceph
Examples: cefazolin, cephalexin
4. Penicillins
Suffix: -cillin
Examples: ampicillin, amoxicillin
5. Aminoglycosides & Macrolides
Suffix: -micin, -mycin
Examples: gentamicin, erythromycin
6. Fluoroquinolones
Suffix: -floxacin
Examples: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
7. Antivirals (Undefined Group)
Suffix: -vir-, -vir
Examples: oseltamivir, zanamivir
,8. Antivirals (Anti-Herpes Viral Agents)
Suffix: -clovir
Examples: acyclovir, famciclovir
9. Antiretrovirals (Protease Inhibitors)
Suffix: -navir
Examples: atazanavir, nelfinavir
10. Antiretrovirals (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
Suffix: -vudine
Examples: zidovudine, stavudine
11. Local Anesthetics
Suffix: -caine
Examples: lidocaine, bupivacaine
12. Barbiturates (CNS Depressants)
Suffix: -barbital
Examples: phenobarbital, secobarbital
13. Benzodiazepines (for Anxiety/Sedation)
Suffix: -zolam, -zepam
Examples: alprazolam, lorazepam
14. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Suffix: -oxetine, -talopram
Examples: fluoxetine, escitalopram, vilazodone
15. Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs/DNRIs)
Suffix: -faxine, -zodone, -nacipran
, Audrey's Study Guide for D441
1. Albuterol FIRST drug used during SEVERE asthma attacks.
2. Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists Class of drugs that includes Albuterol and Salmeterol,
which bind to beta2 receptors in the lungs, causing bronchodilation.
3. Common Side Effects of Albuterol Tachycardia & palpitations, Tremor, Toss &
Turning at night.
4. Salmeterol LONG-acting beta2 adrenergic agonist, NOT a rescue inhaler.
5. Short-Acting Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists Only treatment for acute asthma attacks.
6. Long-Acting Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists Used only for daily control of asthma.
7. Decongestants / Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonist Includes Phenylephrine and
Pseudoephedrine, causing vasoconstriction of respiratory tract mucosa.
8. Indications for Decongestants Rhinitis (inflammation of nasal passages).
9. Contraindications for Decongestants HTN, CAD — use phenylephrine cautiously.
10. 1st Generation Antihistamines Includes diphenhydramine; causes sedation and
anticholinergic effects.
11. 2nd Generation Antihistamines Includes loratadine and cetirizine; less sedation
compared to 1st generation.
12. ACE Inhibitors Lower BP by inhibiting/blocking RAAS system; blocks conversion of
angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
13. Lisinopril An ACE inhibitor taken without food, 12.5–25 mg 2–3 times daily.
14. Captopril An ACE inhibitor taken with food, 10 mg once daily.
15. Enalapril An ACE inhibitor taken with or without food, 2.5–5 mg once daily.
16. Ramipril An ACE inhibitor with similar action as others.
17. Indications for ACE Inhibitors HTN, HF, MI, Diabetic Nephropathy.
, 18. Contraindications for ACE Inhibitors Renal artery stenosis, HF, salt or volume
depletion, bilateral stenosis, angioedema, pregnancy 2nd/3rd trimester.
19. Side Effects of ACE Inhibitors Angioedema, Cough, Elevated potassium,
Hypotension, Dizziness, Hyperkalemia, Renal impairment.
20. Nursing Implications for ACE Inhibitors Monitor BP and pulse frequently,
potassium and creatinine levels; avoid potassium supplements unless advised.
21. Toxicity of ACE Inhibitors Fetal toxicity.
22. Heart Failure Monitor weight and assess patient routinely for resolution of fluid
overload (peripheral edema, rales/crackles, dyspnea, weight gain, jugular venous
distention).
23. Trandolapril ACE inhibitor used in heart failure management.
24. First-Dose Hypotension Instruct clients to change positions slowly.
25. Medication Timing Take meds at the same time each day.
26. Hydration Guidelines (ACE Inhibitors) Stay hydrated but avoid excessive
potassium intake.
27. Adverse Symptoms to Report (ACE Inhibitors) Report symptoms of facial
swelling, persistent cough, or lightheadedness.
28. Erectile Dysfunction Possible side effect of ACE inhibitors.
29. Angioedema Serious allergic reaction associated with ACE inhibitors.
30. Upper Respiratory Infections Common side effect of ACE inhibitors.
31. Neutropenia Possible hematological side effect of ACE inhibitors.
32. NSAIDs Interaction Reduces hypotensive effects of ACE inhibitors.
33. Rifampin Interaction Decreases ACE inhibitor effects.
34. Angiotensin II Blockers Lower BP only and end in -sartan.
35. Losartan ARB used at a dosage of 150 mg once daily.
36. Valsartan ARB used at a dosage of 80 mg or 160 mg once daily.
Med Dose & Pharmacology
Objective Assessment
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
Pass the Exam with Confidence
What You Will Get:
➢132 OA Exam Questions w/ Answers
➢Expert Rationales included.
➢(Prefixes / Suffixes)
➢Audrey's Study Guide for D441
, Preview Pages Below
Get the Complete PDF After Purchase
"If you require further clarification or in need of any study resources,
feel free to Message me."
Digital preview sample
,Table of Contents
WGU D441 (OA) EXAM ......................................................... 2
Prefixes / Suffixes................................................................ 79
Audrey's Study Guide for D441 .......................................... 86
WGU D441 (OA) EXAM
1. A client is receiving orlistat as part of a weight-management program. Which
ongoing assessment should be included in the plan of care to determine the
effectiveness of the medication?
A. Serum protein levels.
B. Body mass index (BMI).
C. Daily calorie count.
D. Depression screening.
Correct Answer:
B. Body mass index (BMI).
Rationale:
Orlistat blocks fat absorption in the GI tract to promote weight loss, so the trend in BMI
(and weight) is the direct, objective measure of therapeutic effectiveness.
---
,2. The nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) about the antiretroviral regimen. Which statement by the client requires
additional instruction?
A. "HIV infection is not cured by the antiretroviral regimen."
B. "The viral load can be decreased to an undetectable level."
C. "The medications can decrease AIDS-related complications."
D. "Antiretroviral medication prevents the transmission of the virus."
Correct Answer:
D. "Antiretroviral medication prevents the transmission of the virus."
Rationale:
This statement shows misunderstanding — antiretroviral therapy suppresses viral load
and reduces complications but does NOT cure HIV and does not eliminate transmission
risk; barrier protection and other precautions remain necessary.
---
3. A glucagon emergency kit is prescribed for a client with type 1 diabetes
mellitus. When should the nurse instruct the client and family that glucagon
needs to be administered?
A. Before meals to prevent hyperglycemia.
B. When signs of severe hypoglycemia occur.
C. At the onset of signs of diabetic ketoacidosis.
D. When unable to eat during sick days.
Correct Answer:
B. When signs of severe hypoglycemia occur.
Rationale:
Glucagon stimulates breakdown of glycogen into glucose and is the emergency
treatment for severe hypoglycemia when the client cannot safely swallow oral
carbohydrates. Once consciousness returns, an oral carbohydrate should be given.
,---
4. A client who received a renal transplant three months ago is readmitted with
signs of graft rejection. The nurse determines the client has been self-
administering St. John's Wort. Which information is most significant about this
finding?
A. St. John's Wort can decrease plasma concentrations of cyclosporine.
B. Adding the herb can decrease the need for corticosteroids.
C. Ingestion of St. John's Wort can reduce the client's intake of sodium.
D. The client probably used this herb to treat depression.
Correct Answer:
A. St. John's Wort can decrease plasma concentrations of cyclosporine.
Rationale:
St. John's Wort induces hepatic enzymes (CYP3A4) that metabolize
immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine, dropping drug levels below the therapeutic
range — a direct, likely cause of this client's graft rejection.
---
5. A female client starts oxybutynin for an overactive bladder and tells the nurse
she is training for a half-marathon. Which instruction should the nurse
emphasize?
A. Avoid crowds to help prevent acquiring infections.
B. Take measures to avoid dehydration and over-heating.
C. Wear padding to protect from bruising if a fall occurs.
D. Keep skin and eyes covered to protect from sun injury.
Correct Answer:
B. Take measures to avoid dehydration and over-heating.
Rationale:
Oxybutynin is anticholinergic and suppresses sweating, impairing the body's cooling
,mechanism. During endurance exercise this creates a serious risk of heat exhaustion
and heat stroke, so hydration, rest breaks, and avoiding exertion in heat are essential.
6. A male client is admitted for observation after reporting progressively
increasing fatigue over the past month and a brief episode of dizziness today. He
has a history of heartburn and indigestion that he self-treats with ibuprofen and
antacids. Which assessment finding should the nurse report immediately to the
healthcare provider?
Table
Reference Range Value
Hemoglobin 14–18 g/dL (8.7–11.2 mmol/L)
Hematocrit 42%–52% (0.42–0.52 volume fraction)
Gastric pH 1.5–3.5
A. Hematocrit 42% (0.42 volume fraction).
B. Gastric pH 2.0.
C. Positive guaiac of stool.
D. Hemoglobin 13 g/dL (8.07 mmol/L).
Correct Answer:
C. Positive guaiac of stool.
Rationale:
Chronic NSAID (ibuprofen) use is a leading cause of gastric ulceration and GI bleeding.
A positive guaiac confirms occult blood loss — explaining the fatigue and dizziness —
and must be reported immediately. The other values fall within or near expected ranges.
, Prefixes / Suffixes
1. Tetracyclines
Suffix: -cycline
Examples: doxycycline, tetracycline
2. Sulfonamides
Suffix: sulf-
Examples: sulfasalazine, sulfamethaxazole
3. Cephalosporins
Suffix: C Gf / -ceph
Examples: cefazolin, cephalexin
4. Penicillins
Suffix: -cillin
Examples: ampicillin, amoxicillin
5. Aminoglycosides & Macrolides
Suffix: -micin, -mycin
Examples: gentamicin, erythromycin
6. Fluoroquinolones
Suffix: -floxacin
Examples: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
7. Antivirals (Undefined Group)
Suffix: -vir-, -vir
Examples: oseltamivir, zanamivir
,8. Antivirals (Anti-Herpes Viral Agents)
Suffix: -clovir
Examples: acyclovir, famciclovir
9. Antiretrovirals (Protease Inhibitors)
Suffix: -navir
Examples: atazanavir, nelfinavir
10. Antiretrovirals (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
Suffix: -vudine
Examples: zidovudine, stavudine
11. Local Anesthetics
Suffix: -caine
Examples: lidocaine, bupivacaine
12. Barbiturates (CNS Depressants)
Suffix: -barbital
Examples: phenobarbital, secobarbital
13. Benzodiazepines (for Anxiety/Sedation)
Suffix: -zolam, -zepam
Examples: alprazolam, lorazepam
14. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Suffix: -oxetine, -talopram
Examples: fluoxetine, escitalopram, vilazodone
15. Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs/DNRIs)
Suffix: -faxine, -zodone, -nacipran
, Audrey's Study Guide for D441
1. Albuterol FIRST drug used during SEVERE asthma attacks.
2. Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists Class of drugs that includes Albuterol and Salmeterol,
which bind to beta2 receptors in the lungs, causing bronchodilation.
3. Common Side Effects of Albuterol Tachycardia & palpitations, Tremor, Toss &
Turning at night.
4. Salmeterol LONG-acting beta2 adrenergic agonist, NOT a rescue inhaler.
5. Short-Acting Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists Only treatment for acute asthma attacks.
6. Long-Acting Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists Used only for daily control of asthma.
7. Decongestants / Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonist Includes Phenylephrine and
Pseudoephedrine, causing vasoconstriction of respiratory tract mucosa.
8. Indications for Decongestants Rhinitis (inflammation of nasal passages).
9. Contraindications for Decongestants HTN, CAD — use phenylephrine cautiously.
10. 1st Generation Antihistamines Includes diphenhydramine; causes sedation and
anticholinergic effects.
11. 2nd Generation Antihistamines Includes loratadine and cetirizine; less sedation
compared to 1st generation.
12. ACE Inhibitors Lower BP by inhibiting/blocking RAAS system; blocks conversion of
angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
13. Lisinopril An ACE inhibitor taken without food, 12.5–25 mg 2–3 times daily.
14. Captopril An ACE inhibitor taken with food, 10 mg once daily.
15. Enalapril An ACE inhibitor taken with or without food, 2.5–5 mg once daily.
16. Ramipril An ACE inhibitor with similar action as others.
17. Indications for ACE Inhibitors HTN, HF, MI, Diabetic Nephropathy.
, 18. Contraindications for ACE Inhibitors Renal artery stenosis, HF, salt or volume
depletion, bilateral stenosis, angioedema, pregnancy 2nd/3rd trimester.
19. Side Effects of ACE Inhibitors Angioedema, Cough, Elevated potassium,
Hypotension, Dizziness, Hyperkalemia, Renal impairment.
20. Nursing Implications for ACE Inhibitors Monitor BP and pulse frequently,
potassium and creatinine levels; avoid potassium supplements unless advised.
21. Toxicity of ACE Inhibitors Fetal toxicity.
22. Heart Failure Monitor weight and assess patient routinely for resolution of fluid
overload (peripheral edema, rales/crackles, dyspnea, weight gain, jugular venous
distention).
23. Trandolapril ACE inhibitor used in heart failure management.
24. First-Dose Hypotension Instruct clients to change positions slowly.
25. Medication Timing Take meds at the same time each day.
26. Hydration Guidelines (ACE Inhibitors) Stay hydrated but avoid excessive
potassium intake.
27. Adverse Symptoms to Report (ACE Inhibitors) Report symptoms of facial
swelling, persistent cough, or lightheadedness.
28. Erectile Dysfunction Possible side effect of ACE inhibitors.
29. Angioedema Serious allergic reaction associated with ACE inhibitors.
30. Upper Respiratory Infections Common side effect of ACE inhibitors.
31. Neutropenia Possible hematological side effect of ACE inhibitors.
32. NSAIDs Interaction Reduces hypotensive effects of ACE inhibitors.
33. Rifampin Interaction Decreases ACE inhibitor effects.
34. Angiotensin II Blockers Lower BP only and end in -sartan.
35. Losartan ARB used at a dosage of 150 mg once daily.
36. Valsartan ARB used at a dosage of 80 mg or 160 mg once daily.
