BIOL 180 MIDTERM EXAM 300
MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
LATEST UPDATE GRADE A+
A eukaryotic cell's organelle responsible for
ATP production is:
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondrion
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: b. Mitochondrion
Expert Rationale
Mitochondria are the "powerhouse" of the cell,
generating ATP through cellular respiration via
oxidative phosphorylation. Option a (Nucleus)
houses genetic material. Option c (Golgi
apparatus) modifies and packages proteins.
,Option d (Endoplasmic reticulum) synthesizes
proteins and lipids. The NP should understand
cellular organelles for pathophysiology.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
TOP: Cell Biology/Mitochondria MSC: NCLEX:
Physiological Integrity
Which of the following best describes the fluid
mosaic model?
a. DNA replication
b. Plasma membrane with proteins and lipids in
motion
c. Active transport of ions
d. Protein synthesis
Correct Answer: b. Plasma membrane with
proteins and lipids in motion
Expert Rationale
The fluid mosaic model explains the dynamic
arrangement of phospholipids and proteins
within the cell membrane, allowing lateral
,movement. Option a (DNA replication) is
unrelated. Option c (Active transport) describes
ion movement. Option d (Protein synthesis)
occurs at ribosomes. The NP should understand
membrane structure for drug absorption and
transport.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
TOP: Cell Membrane Structure MSC: NCLEX:
Physiological Integrity
Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the
separation of sister chromatids?
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
Correct Answer: c. Anaphase
Expert Rationale
During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled
to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring each
, daughter cell receives identical chromosomes.
Option a (Prophase) is condensation of
chromosomes. Option b (Metaphase) is
alignment at the equator. Option d (Telophase)
is nuclear envelope reformation. The NP should
understand cell division for oncology and
genetics.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
TOP: Cell Cycle/Mitosis MSC: NCLEX:
Physiological Integrity
A trait controlled by multiple alleles, such as
ABO blood type, is an example of:
a. Incomplete dominance
b. Codominance
c. Polygenic inheritance
d. Multiple alleles inheritance
Correct Answer: d. Multiple alleles inheritance
Expert Rationale
ABO blood group is determined by three alleles
MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
LATEST UPDATE GRADE A+
A eukaryotic cell's organelle responsible for
ATP production is:
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondrion
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: b. Mitochondrion
Expert Rationale
Mitochondria are the "powerhouse" of the cell,
generating ATP through cellular respiration via
oxidative phosphorylation. Option a (Nucleus)
houses genetic material. Option c (Golgi
apparatus) modifies and packages proteins.
,Option d (Endoplasmic reticulum) synthesizes
proteins and lipids. The NP should understand
cellular organelles for pathophysiology.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
TOP: Cell Biology/Mitochondria MSC: NCLEX:
Physiological Integrity
Which of the following best describes the fluid
mosaic model?
a. DNA replication
b. Plasma membrane with proteins and lipids in
motion
c. Active transport of ions
d. Protein synthesis
Correct Answer: b. Plasma membrane with
proteins and lipids in motion
Expert Rationale
The fluid mosaic model explains the dynamic
arrangement of phospholipids and proteins
within the cell membrane, allowing lateral
,movement. Option a (DNA replication) is
unrelated. Option c (Active transport) describes
ion movement. Option d (Protein synthesis)
occurs at ribosomes. The NP should understand
membrane structure for drug absorption and
transport.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
TOP: Cell Membrane Structure MSC: NCLEX:
Physiological Integrity
Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the
separation of sister chromatids?
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
Correct Answer: c. Anaphase
Expert Rationale
During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled
to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring each
, daughter cell receives identical chromosomes.
Option a (Prophase) is condensation of
chromosomes. Option b (Metaphase) is
alignment at the equator. Option d (Telophase)
is nuclear envelope reformation. The NP should
understand cell division for oncology and
genetics.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
TOP: Cell Cycle/Mitosis MSC: NCLEX:
Physiological Integrity
A trait controlled by multiple alleles, such as
ABO blood type, is an example of:
a. Incomplete dominance
b. Codominance
c. Polygenic inheritance
d. Multiple alleles inheritance
Correct Answer: d. Multiple alleles inheritance
Expert Rationale
ABO blood group is determined by three alleles
