D684 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE | EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS/NEWEST UPDATE/GRADE A+ ASSURED.
analog data ✔️data represented in a continuous and variable form
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) ✔️a standard encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to
represent letters, numbers, and symbols
bandwidth ✔️the maximum rate of data transfer across a network or communication channel, usually measured in bits per second
binary ✔️a numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to represent data in computing
Boolean expression ✔️a logical statement that can only be true or false and uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT
character ✔️a single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text
character set ✔️a collection of characters that a computer can recognize and process, like ASCII or Unicode
compression ratio ✔️the ratio of the original data size to the compressed data size, indicating how much the data has been reduced
control structure ✔️constructs in programming that control the flow of execution, such as loops and conditional statements
data ✔️raw facts and figures that can be processed to produce meaningful information
data compression ✔️the process of reducing the size of data to save space or transmission time
data types ✔️categories of data that define what kind of value can be stored, like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used
declaration ✔️a statement in programming that specifies the name and type of a variable or function without assigning a value
digital data ✔️data represented using discrete binary values (zeroes and ones)
floating point ✔️a way to represent real numbers that can have fractional parts using a format that includes a base and an exponent
Huffman encoding ✔️a compression technique that uses variable-length codes for data representation based on frequency of occurrence
information ✔️data that have been processed or organized in a meaningful way to be useful
integer ✔️a whole number
keyword encoding ✔️a method of data compression that replaces frequently occurring patterns with shorter codes
lossless ✔️a type of data compression where no information is lost and the original data can be perfectly reconstructed
lossy ✔️a type of data compression that reduces file size by permanently eliminating some information, which may affect quality
numeric ✔️any value that is a number
overflow ✔️a condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum value that can be represented within a given number of bits
pulse-code modulation (PCM) ✔️a method used to digitally represent analog signals
radix point ✔️the decimal point in a number system that indicates the separation between integer and fractional parts
real ✔️a data type representing numbers that can have fractional parts, often called floating-point numbers
reclocking ✔️the process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data to ensure accuracy and synchronization
run-length encoding ✔️a simple compression technique that replaces sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count
scientific notation ✔️a method of representing very large or very small numbers by using powers of 10
signed-magnitude representation ✔️a way of encoding positive and negative numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits
represent the magnitude
string ✔️a sequence of characters treated as a single data element and used for text manipulation
, strong typing ✔️a feature in programming languages where each variable is explicitly declared to be of a specific type, reducing errors
ten's complement ✔️a mathematical method for representing negative numbers in a decimal system
Unicode ✔️a universal character set that includes characters from virtually all writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and
representation of text globally
alphanumeric values ✔️characters that include both letters (A-Z) and numbers (0-9)
assignment operator ✔️a symbol used to assign a value to a variable, typically =
assignment statement ✔️a line of code that assigns a value to a variable, like x = 5
binary operator ✔️an operator that takes two operands, such as +, -, *, and /
camel casing ✔️a naming convention where the first letter is lowercase and each subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter, like
myVariableName
garbage ✔️unused or leftover data in memory that the program no longer needs or references
Hungarian notation ✔️a naming convention where the name of a variable starts with a prefix indicating its type, like strName for a string
variable
identifier ✔️a name given to a variable, function, or other item in code to identify it
initializing a variable ✔️assigning an initial value to a variable when it is declared, like int x = 10
kebob case ✔️a naming convention where words are all lowercase and separated by hyphens, like my-variable-name
keyword (reserved word) ✔️a reserved word in a programming language that has a specific meaning and cannot be used as an identifier, like if,
while, and class
lvalue ✔️an expression that refers to a memory location, which can appear on the left side of an assignment, like x in x = 5
mixed case with underscores ✔️a naming convention that combines uppercase and lowercase letters with underscores between words, like
My_Variable_Name
numeric constant ✔️a fixed number value written directly in the code, like 42
numeric variable ✔️a variable that holds a number value
operand ✔️a value or variable on which an operator acts, like 3 and 5 in 3 + 5
Pascal casing ✔️a naming convention in which each word in the name starts with an uppercase letter, like MyVariableName
right-to-left associativity ✔️the order in which operations are performed in expressions where operators of the same precedence appear,
processed from right to left
snake casing ✔️a naming convention in which words are all lowercase and separated by underscores, like my_variable_name
string constant ✔️a fixed sequence of characters written directly in the code, like "Hello, World!"
string variable ✔️a variable that holds a sequence of characters (a string)
type safety ✔️ensuring a variable is only used in ways consistent with its data type, preventing type errors
unnamed constant ✔️a fixed value used directly in code without assigning it to a variable, also known as a magic number, like 3.14 for π
variable ✔️a named storage location in memory that can hold different values throughout a program
abstract step ✔️a high-level action in an algorithm that describes what needs to be done without detailing how to do it
algorithm ✔️a step-by-step set of instructions designed to perform a specific task or solve a problem
branch ✔️a point in an algorithm where a decision is made, leading to different actions based on conditions (e.g., if-then statements)
analog data ✔️data represented in a continuous and variable form
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) ✔️a standard encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to
represent letters, numbers, and symbols
bandwidth ✔️the maximum rate of data transfer across a network or communication channel, usually measured in bits per second
binary ✔️a numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to represent data in computing
Boolean expression ✔️a logical statement that can only be true or false and uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT
character ✔️a single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text
character set ✔️a collection of characters that a computer can recognize and process, like ASCII or Unicode
compression ratio ✔️the ratio of the original data size to the compressed data size, indicating how much the data has been reduced
control structure ✔️constructs in programming that control the flow of execution, such as loops and conditional statements
data ✔️raw facts and figures that can be processed to produce meaningful information
data compression ✔️the process of reducing the size of data to save space or transmission time
data types ✔️categories of data that define what kind of value can be stored, like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used
declaration ✔️a statement in programming that specifies the name and type of a variable or function without assigning a value
digital data ✔️data represented using discrete binary values (zeroes and ones)
floating point ✔️a way to represent real numbers that can have fractional parts using a format that includes a base and an exponent
Huffman encoding ✔️a compression technique that uses variable-length codes for data representation based on frequency of occurrence
information ✔️data that have been processed or organized in a meaningful way to be useful
integer ✔️a whole number
keyword encoding ✔️a method of data compression that replaces frequently occurring patterns with shorter codes
lossless ✔️a type of data compression where no information is lost and the original data can be perfectly reconstructed
lossy ✔️a type of data compression that reduces file size by permanently eliminating some information, which may affect quality
numeric ✔️any value that is a number
overflow ✔️a condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum value that can be represented within a given number of bits
pulse-code modulation (PCM) ✔️a method used to digitally represent analog signals
radix point ✔️the decimal point in a number system that indicates the separation between integer and fractional parts
real ✔️a data type representing numbers that can have fractional parts, often called floating-point numbers
reclocking ✔️the process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data to ensure accuracy and synchronization
run-length encoding ✔️a simple compression technique that replaces sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count
scientific notation ✔️a method of representing very large or very small numbers by using powers of 10
signed-magnitude representation ✔️a way of encoding positive and negative numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits
represent the magnitude
string ✔️a sequence of characters treated as a single data element and used for text manipulation
, strong typing ✔️a feature in programming languages where each variable is explicitly declared to be of a specific type, reducing errors
ten's complement ✔️a mathematical method for representing negative numbers in a decimal system
Unicode ✔️a universal character set that includes characters from virtually all writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and
representation of text globally
alphanumeric values ✔️characters that include both letters (A-Z) and numbers (0-9)
assignment operator ✔️a symbol used to assign a value to a variable, typically =
assignment statement ✔️a line of code that assigns a value to a variable, like x = 5
binary operator ✔️an operator that takes two operands, such as +, -, *, and /
camel casing ✔️a naming convention where the first letter is lowercase and each subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter, like
myVariableName
garbage ✔️unused or leftover data in memory that the program no longer needs or references
Hungarian notation ✔️a naming convention where the name of a variable starts with a prefix indicating its type, like strName for a string
variable
identifier ✔️a name given to a variable, function, or other item in code to identify it
initializing a variable ✔️assigning an initial value to a variable when it is declared, like int x = 10
kebob case ✔️a naming convention where words are all lowercase and separated by hyphens, like my-variable-name
keyword (reserved word) ✔️a reserved word in a programming language that has a specific meaning and cannot be used as an identifier, like if,
while, and class
lvalue ✔️an expression that refers to a memory location, which can appear on the left side of an assignment, like x in x = 5
mixed case with underscores ✔️a naming convention that combines uppercase and lowercase letters with underscores between words, like
My_Variable_Name
numeric constant ✔️a fixed number value written directly in the code, like 42
numeric variable ✔️a variable that holds a number value
operand ✔️a value or variable on which an operator acts, like 3 and 5 in 3 + 5
Pascal casing ✔️a naming convention in which each word in the name starts with an uppercase letter, like MyVariableName
right-to-left associativity ✔️the order in which operations are performed in expressions where operators of the same precedence appear,
processed from right to left
snake casing ✔️a naming convention in which words are all lowercase and separated by underscores, like my_variable_name
string constant ✔️a fixed sequence of characters written directly in the code, like "Hello, World!"
string variable ✔️a variable that holds a sequence of characters (a string)
type safety ✔️ensuring a variable is only used in ways consistent with its data type, preventing type errors
unnamed constant ✔️a fixed value used directly in code without assigning it to a variable, also known as a magic number, like 3.14 for π
variable ✔️a named storage location in memory that can hold different values throughout a program
abstract step ✔️a high-level action in an algorithm that describes what needs to be done without detailing how to do it
algorithm ✔️a step-by-step set of instructions designed to perform a specific task or solve a problem
branch ✔️a point in an algorithm where a decision is made, leading to different actions based on conditions (e.g., if-then statements)
